Strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type isolated in China between 1953 and 1960 show close similarity to strains of the Africa/Australia cluster

In this study, six Chinese strains of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (MmmSC) isolated between 1953-1960 were analysed and their molecular characteristics compared to those of the African PG1 and Afade strains, the European C305 and 138/5 strains and the closely related caprine M. mycoides subsp.mycoides large colony type Y-goat strain. PCR amplification of long DNA fragments showed that the six Chinese strains, the PG1 strain and the Y-goat strain, just like Afade, did not have the 8.84 kb deletion characteristic of the European strains C305 and 138/5. In comparison, the lppB gene sequence of the six MmmSC Chinese strains was found to be 99% homologous to that of PG1and Afade, but <93% homologous to the Y-goat sequence. The anti-rLppB antiserum reacted with PG1, Y-goat and the six Chinese strains at 67 kDa sites in Western blot, indicating that the lppB gene and its encoding protein exist in the Chinese strains. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of MmmSC strains from various regions confirmed that the Chinese strains were identical to the African and Australian cluster. This finding was further supported by the outcome of selective primer amplification. Based on these results, it is suggested that CBPP in China may have originated from Australia.     

反坡水平阶水土保持效益观测

 在昆明市松华坝水源区牧羊河中游坡耕地布设反坡水平阶与对照径流小区,观测2种径流小区的径流量、泥沙量、总氮及总磷输出浓度和输出量。结果表明:与对照相比,反坡水平阶径流量减少34.14%、土壤流失量减少57.17%、总氮和总磷输出量分别减少33.32%和33.82%。坡耕地修反坡水平阶起到了较明显的保水、保土、保肥作用,对控制面源污染物具有重要意义。     

吉林省政策性农业保险开展情况以及存在的问题

2007年,吉林省作为全国六个试点省份之一,开始在全省范围内开办政策性农业保险。在各级政府、相关部门和经办公司的共同努力之下,农业保险工作取得了长足的发展.但也面临着一些问题,如,政策性农业保险的目的性不够明确、保费分担无章可循、农民投保意识不强烈、地方财政补贴不够等一系列问题。对于这些问题和困难的解决,是政策性农业保险实验持续发展、经营水平不断提高的关键。     

Economic benefits of large-scale remediation of contaminated marine sediments—a literature review and an application to the Grenland fjords in Norway

Purpose  

As input to a cost-benefit analysis of large-scale remediation measures of contaminated sediments in the Grenland fjords in Norway, we conducted a contingent valuation (CV) survey of a representative sample of households from municipalities adjacent to these fjords.     

Molecular community analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with five selected plant species from heavy metal polluted soils

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to play an important role in plant tolerance to heavy metals (HMs) stress. This study aimed to understand the diversity of AMF communities associated with five selected plant species (Phytolacca americana, Rehmannia glutinosa, Perilla frutescens, Litsea cubeba and Dysphania ambrosioides) from severely HMs polluted soils in Dabaoshan Mine region, China, using molecular methods. Plant roots and rhizospheric soils were sampled from four sites, respectively. Targeting the fungal small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that varied AMF communities colonized different plant species, and the AMF communities in rhizospheric soils were different from those in plant roots. Total six SSU rRNA gene clone libraries including four root samples and two rhizospheric soil samples were constructed. Screening clone libraries by DGGE and sequence analysis revealed that Glomus dominated all of the samples except for the roots of D. ambrosioides, while Kuklospora and Ambispora dominated the roots of D. ambrosioides and the rhizosphere of P. americana. This study indicates that diverse AMF are associated with these selected plants, and they are potentially useful to promote the phytoremediation of this HMs polluted area.     

Refined pipe theory for mechanistic modeling of wood development

We present a mechanistic model of wood tissue development in response to changes in competition, management and climate. The model is based on a refinement of the pipe theory, where the constant ratio between sapwood and leaf area (pipe theory) is replaced by a ratio between pipe conductivity and leaf area. Simulated pipe conductivity changes with age, stand density and climate in response to changes in allocation or pipe radius, or both. The central equation of the model, which calculates the ratio of carbon (C) allocated to leaves and pipes, can be parameterized to describe the contrasting stem conductivity behavior of different tree species: from constant stem conductivity (functional homeostasis hypothesis) to height-related reduction in stem conductivity with age (hydraulic limitation hypothesis). The model simulates the daily growth of pipes (vessels or tracheids), fibers and parenchyma as well as vessel size and simulates the wood density profile and the earlywood to latewood ratio from these data. Initial runs indicate the model yields realistic seasonal changes in pipe radius (decreasing pipe radius from spring to autumn) and wood density, as well as realistic differences associated with the competitive status of trees (denser wood in suppressed trees).     

Development of a Piscirickettsia salmonis immersion challenge model to investigate the comparative susceptibility of three salmon species

Piscirickettsia salmonis, the aetiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS), is a global pathogen of wild and cultured marine salmonids. Here, we describe the development and application of a reproducible, standardized immersion challenge model to induce clinical SRS in juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), Atlantic (Salmo salar) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka). Following a 1‐hr immersion in 10⁵ colony‐forming units/ml, cumulative mortality in Atlantic salmon was 63.2% while mortality in sockeye salmon was 10%. Prevalence and levels of the bacterium in kidney prior to onset of mortality were lower in sockeye compared with Atlantic or pink salmon. The timing and magnitude of bacterial shedding were estimated from water samples collected during the exposure trials. Shedding was estimated to be 82‐fold higher in Atlantic salmon as compared to sockeye salmon and peaked in the Atlantic salmon trial at 36 d post‐immersion. These data suggest sockeye salmon are less susceptible to P. salmonis than Atlantic or pink salmon. Finally, skin lesions were observed on infected fish during all trials, often in the absence of detectable infection in kidney. As a result, we hypothesize that skin is the primary point of entry for P. salmonis during the immersion challenge.     

Assessment of the heterosis of F1 hybrids of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus using microsatellite-based parentage assignment

Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Paramisgurnus dabryanus hybrids were generated via full diallel crosses between the Meishan (M_M) and Fuyang (M_F) populations of M. anguillicaudatus and Meishan (P_M) and Ziyang (P_Z) populations of P. dabryanus. The purebred and hybrid offspring were co-cultured in a pool for 4 months, and 96.5% of the offspring could be assigned to a single parental pair based on nine potentially cross-species polymorphic microsatellites. The average body weight (BW) of the P_M × P_Z (female × male, in this order hereafter) hybrids was the highest (4.88 g), followed by that of the P_Z × P_M and P_M × P_M hybrids. The general combining abilities (GCA) of BW from both the sires and dams of P_M and P_Z were high, and that from M_M and M_F were low. The specific combining ability (SCA) of P_M × P_Z was the largest (16.61), followed by that of P_Z × P_M, M_F × M_M, and M_M × M_F (?15.89). The combination of M_F × P_M, M_F × P_Z, and P_M × M_F showed > 10% heterosis. This is the first study to use microsatellite-based parentage assignment in hybrid fish and lays foundation for loach crossbreeding.

     

缩节胺在棉花生产上的应用研究概述

缩节胺(DPC)是一种外源的植物生长调节剂,它可以调控作物的生长发育、长势和成熟性,在中国不同生态类型的棉田均有应用。通过总结前人的研究成果,概括了缩节胺化学调控技术在棉花生产中的应用现状,分析了缩节胺化控对棉花早衰及产量和品质的影响。     

耐高温陆地棉品种综合评价及优良品种选择

 在高温干旱条件下,通过大田试验测定20个陆地棉花品种的主要产量性状、纤维品质性状及农艺性状,并进行综合评价。应用主成分分析法对20个品种的皮棉产量、生育期、株高、始果节、果枝数、有效铃、铃重、衣分、纤维长度、整齐度、麦克隆值、伸长率和断裂比强度进行分析。确定了主要性状的5个主成分及其主成分的函数方程和主成分综合函数方程,主成分的方差累积贡献率达到84.087%。通过计算主成分值和综合主成分值,对供试的20个品种进行了比较,进而选择了湘YC₃F₁、晋棉38、豫宝8号3个综合性状优良的品种,其结果与实际相一致。