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511.
Sabine Fromm Elena Beißwanger Annemarie Käsbohrer Bernd-Alois Tenhagen 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
The importance of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) as an infectious agent for humans has increased in recent years in Germany. Although it is well known that the prevalence of MRSA in pig farms is high, risk factors for the presence of MRSA in herds of fattening pigs are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate available data from previous studies on MRSA in fattening pigs in a meta-analysis to answer the question: What are the factors associated with the occurrence of MRSA in fattening pig herds? 相似文献
512.
Bernard Tivoli Alain Baranger Carmen M. Avila Sabine Banniza Martin Barbetti Weidong Chen Jenny Davidson Kurt Lindeck Mohammed Kharrat Diego Rubiales Mohamed Sadiki Josefina C. Sillero Mark Sweetingham Fred J. Muehlbauer 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):223-253
Summary Necrotrophic pathogens of the cool season food legumes (pea, lentil, chickpea, faba bean and lupin) cause wide spread disease
and severe crop losses throughout the world. Environmental conditions play an important role in the development and spread
of these diseases. Form of inoculum, inoculum concentration and physiological plant growth stage all affect the degree of
infection and the amount of crop loss. Measures to control these diseases have relied on identification of resistant germplasm
and development of resistant varieties through screening in the field and in controlled environments. Procedures for screening
and scoring germplasm and breeding lines for resistance have lacked uniformity among the various programs worldwide. However,
this review highlights the most consistent screening and scoring procedures that are simple to use and provide reliable results.
Sources of resistance to the major necrotrophic fungi are summarized for each of the cool season food legumes. Marker-assisted
selection is underway for Ascochyta blight of pea, lentil and chickpea, and Phomopsis blight of lupin. Other measures such
as fungicidal control and cultural control are also reviewed. The emerging genomic information on the model legume, Medicago truncatula, which has various degrees of genetic synteny with the cool season food legumes, has promise for identification of closely
linked markers for resistance genes and possibly for eventual map-based cloning of resistance genes. Durable resistance to
the necrotrophic pathogens is a common goal of cool season food legume breeders. 相似文献
513.
Cudney-Valenzuela Sabine J. Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor Andresen Ellen Toledo-Aceves Tarin 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(6):1497-1507
Landscape Ecology - Biodiversity patterns depend on landscape structure, but the spatial scale at which such dependence is strongest (scale of effect, SoE) remains poorly understood, especially for... 相似文献
514.
Dietrich FS Voegeli S Brachat S Lerch A Gates K Steiner S Mohr C Pöhlmann R Luedi P Choi S Wing RA Flavier A Gaffney TD Philippsen P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5668):304-307
We have sequenced and annotated the genome of the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. With a size of only 9.2 megabases, encoding 4718 protein-coding genes, it is the smallest genome of a free-living eukaryote yet characterized. More than 90% of A. gossypii genes show both homology and a particular pattern of synteny with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of this pattern revealed 300 inversions and translocations that have occurred since divergence of these two species. It also provided compelling evidence that the evolution of S. cerevisiae included a whole genome duplication or fusion of two related species and showed, through inferred ancient gene orders, which of the duplicated genes lost one copy and which retained both copies. 相似文献
515.
The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Sabine CL Feely RA Gruber N Key RM Lee K Bullister JL Wanninkhof R Wong CS Wallace DW Tilbrook B Millero FJ Peng TH Kozyr A Ono T Rios AF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5682):367-371
Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for approximately 48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 +/- 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential. 相似文献
516.
Steghaus-Kovac S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5558):1212-1213
517.
518.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term fertilisation on soil aggregation and the associated changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) pools in aggregates. The combined application of mineral fertiliser and manure improved soil aggregation, SOC and N content in aggregates, compared to manure or mineral fertiliser alone, and thus proved to be a suitable fertilisation strategy to increase C sequestration in agroecosystems. 相似文献
519.
Daniel J. Wanke Jasmin Heichel Sabine Zikeli Torsten Müller Tobias Edward Hartmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):599-608
Background
Organic farmers frequently report sufficient yield levels despite low or even very low soil phosphorous (P) contents questioning the applicability of widely used laboratory methods for soil P testing for organic farming.Aims
The aim of this study was to compare the validity of a broad range of different soil extraction methods on soils under organic management from South West Germany and to test the correlation of the measured soil P concentration with plant offtake.Methods
Twenty-two soil samples of eight different organic farms were extracted with different solutions: (1) water, (2) CAL, (3) Olsen, (4) Mehlich 3, (5) Bray P1, (6) Bray P2, (7) NaOH+Na2EDTA, and (8) total P. The results were then correlated with above ground plant P.Results
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) of correlations between above ground plant P and extractable soil P (Water-P, CAL-P, and Olsen-P [+active charcoal {+AC}]) determined with ICP-OES were strong (0.94, 0.90, and 0.93, respectively). Among the tested methods, above ground plant P showed a strong correlation with CAL-P as detected by ICP-OES (rs = 0.90) and colorimetry (rs = 0.91). The comparison of CAL-P data provided by farmers and CAL-P analyzed during this research showed discrepancies between the results.Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the CAL method can be used in organic farming despite a low extraction of organic P (Porg). Furthermore, it is recommended for farmers to take soil samples for analyses regularly and interpret changes in P in the long-term instead of interpreting individual samples. 相似文献520.
Sprague LD Schubert E Hotzel H Scharf S Sachse K 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,181(3):274-279
Reports of canine chlamydiosis are infrequent, possibly because the pathogen is rarely considered to be a cause of disease in dogs. This report presents details of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in four bitches with recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, severe respiratory distress and reduced litter size (up to 50% stillborn or non-viable puppies) in a small dog-breeding facility in Germany. Cell culture and immunofluorescence examination of conjunctival, nasal and pharyngeal swabs revealed chlamydial inclusions. PCR and sequencing of ompA amplification products confirmed the presence of Cp. psittaci genotype C. The zoonotic potential of the pathogen was illustrated by evidence of disease in two children that lived on the premises with the infected dogs. There was circumstantial evidence to suggest infection of dogs and humans may have followed the introduction of two canaries and a parrot to the household. The persistent nature of the chlamydial infection suggests that dogs may be reservoirs of Cp. psittaci, but this putative role and whether or not dogs shed the pathogen require further investigation. 相似文献