母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素含量的影响及NAC的保护效应

为了研究母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-Ace-tylcysteine,NAC)的保护作用,35只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为7组,即A组为对照组(饮用蒸馏水)、B组为铅组(300 mg/L)、C组为铅+NAC组(300 mg/L+20 mmol/L)、D组为镉组(10 mg/L)、E组为镉+NAC组(10 mg/L+20 mmol/L),F组为铅+镉组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L)、G组为铅+镉+NAC组(300 mg/L+10 mg/L+20 mmol/L).采用饮水染毒.染毒时间为21 d,分娩后应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Inductively coupled plasma mass spec-troscopy,ICP-MS)检测新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量.结果表明,与对照组比较,各染毒组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).D组较B组降低明显,F组降低最为显著,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应,镉在铅镉联合毒性损伤中发挥主要作用,与各染毒组比较,NAC保护组新生鼠体内微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Se含量均有不同程度升高,部分组间有显著差异(P<0.05),说明NAC对铅、镉致新生鼠体内微量元素平衡紊乱具有一定的保护作用.     

兰州市居住空间分布及其成因

城市居住空间是城市空间的重要组成部分。兰州市是典型的河谷型城市,对其居住空间进行研究,有助于揭示该类城市居住空间分布规律,合理引导城市居住空间的发展,优化城市居住空间结构。基于统计资料并结合实地调查,运用Arcgis软件的空间分析功能,从定量分析角度揭示出兰州市居住空间呈现沿交通线集聚分布、区域布局不均衡以及居住空间分异现象初显的特点。并从自然地理环境、城市规划、住房制度、房地产业的发展以及交通建设方面分析了兰州市居住空间分布形成的原因。     

Granuloma development in cattle after intratonsilar inoculation with Mycobacterium bovis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the temporal development of tuberculous lesions in cattle inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis. ANIMALS: 15 mature crossbred cows obtained from a herd with no history of M bovis infection. PROCEDURE: Inoculation of cattle was done by intratonsilar instillation of 1.48 X 10(5) to 5.4 X 10(7) colony-forming units of M bovis strain 2045T. At 3 to 4 hours, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after inoculation, tissues were examined for gross and microscopic lesions and processed for isolation of M bovis. RESULTS: Retropharyngeal lymph nodes from cattle examined 4 weeks after inoculation contained microgranulomas consisting of aggregates of macrophages with few neutrophils. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes from all cattle examined 6 and 8 weeks after inoculation contained multiple, large, coalescing granulomas consisting of central areas of necrosis with mild fibrosis, numerous macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, multinucleated giant cells, and neutrophils. Three of 8 cattle examined 6 or 8 weeks after inoculation had lesions in nonretropharyngeal sites with morphologic characteristics similar to that seen in retropharyngeal lymph node granulomas from cattle examined 4 weeks after inoculation. CONCLUSION: Granulomas can develop in draining lymph nodes of cattle in as little as 4 weeks after inoculation via intratonsilar instillation of M bovis. Intralesional morphologic changes between 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation indicate an increase in cellular chemotaxis and differentiation. Dissemination of bacteria to distant sites most likely was by lymphatic and hematogenous routes after establishment of the primary infection in retropharyngeal lymph nodes.     

森林公园道路景观林的改造配置模式——以老山森林公园为例

道路景观林是山林景观的窗口和向导,道路景观林的建设是森林林相改造的重要内容。以南京市老山森林公园为例,探讨道路景观林建设的指导思想、原则与方法,并结合案例提出道路景观林改造模式,以实现森林公园由经济林转变为景观生态林的改造目标。     

新农村村庄绿地规划研究——以连云港赣榆县窦洪爽村为例

村镇绿化是国土绿化的重要组成,不仅是村镇外在形象的体现,也反映出村镇的文化内涵和地方特色.通过对苏北经济发展现状和各方面条件的研究,提出了适合于苏北村庄绿地建设和管理的规划思想,并在依托案例中提出了村庄绿地规划思路,提出了具有乡土特色的绿地类型以及植物种类和绿化模式,有利于当地生态环境的保护和全面推进苏北地区社会主义新农村建设.     

兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究

通过样地调查,分析了不同结构草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林林木分布格局特征。研究表明:(1)年龄36 - 65年草类-落叶松林和年龄54 - 63年杜香-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布、随机分布和聚集分布所占比例分别为6.2%、50%、43.8%;(2)按林型分,草类-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布和随机分布所占比例均11.1%,聚集分布占77.8%。杜香-落叶松林分布格局均为随机分布;(3)树种组成在6落4阔 - 10落范围内,草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林分布格局主要为聚集分布和随机分布两种类型。聚集分布主要集中在树种组成7落3阔 - 9落1阔范围内。     

黍族植物的叶片扩张和蒸腾作用对土壤水分亏缺的响应特征

Plant processes, such as leaf expansion, stomatal conductance and transpiration, are affected by soil water, particularly in water-stressed environments. Quantifying the effects of soil water on plant processes, especially leaf expansion and transpiration, could be useful for crop modeling. In order to quantify the leaf expansion and transpiration in response to soil water deficit in three millet species, common (Panicum miliaceum L.), pearl (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and foxtail (Setaria italica L.) millets, a pot experiment was performed at the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. The soil water status was characterized by the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Leaf area and transpiration were measured daily. Relative leaf area expansion (RL) and relative transpiration (RT) data were plotted against FTSW. Finally the FTSW thresholds for RL and RT were calculated using linear-plateau and logistic models. The results showed that the thresholds for RL and RT were 0.68 and 0.62, respectively, based on all measured data of the three millet species using the linear-plateau model, indicating that RL and RT were constant when FTSW decreased from 1 to the threshold point. Thereafter, until FTSW = 0, RL and RT declined linearly with a slope of 1.48 and 1.43, respectively. Although millet is cultivated as a resistant crop in arid, semiarid and marginal lands, it showed an early response to soil water deficit at high FTSW thresholds. As leaf expansion and transpiration can be considered morphological and physiological variables, respectively, the results in this study indicate that millet has strong morphological flexibility when faced with soil water deficit.     

Methane consumption in a frequently nitrogen-fertilized and limed spruce forest soil after clear-cutting

Abstract. The effects of especially frequent nitrogen (N) additions (from 1959 to 1986, totalling 860 kg N ha⁻¹) and liming (in 1958 and 1980, totalling 6000 kg CaCO₃ ha⁻¹) on CH₄ uptake by a boreal forest soil were studied in a stand of Norway spruce. Except for a forested reference plot, the stand was clear-cut in January 1993 and the following year one-half of each clear-cut plot was prepared by mounding. Fluxes of CH₄ were measured with static chambers in the autumn before clear-cutting and during the following four summers. The average CH₄ uptake during 1993–96 in the forested reference plot was 82 μg CH₄ m⁻² h⁻¹(ranging from 10 to 147 units). In the first summer after clear-cutting, the cleared plot showed 42% lower CH₄ uptake rate than the forested reference plot, but thereafter the difference became less pronounced. The short-term decrease in CH₄ consumption after clear-cutting was associated with increases in soil NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻concentrations. Mounding tended at first to stimulate CH₄ uptake but later to inhibit it. Neither liming nor N-fertilization had significant effects on CH₄ consumption. Our results suggest that over the long term, in N-limited upland boreal forest soils, N addition does not decrease CH₄ uptake by the soil.     

中国鲤科鱼类游泳能力综合分析和应用

声学屏障是一种阻拦鱼类进入危险区域进而保护鱼类资源的重要手段,为筛选鱼类敏感的负趋音作为声学屏障,本研究采用6种单频音 (500~3 000 Hz)和1种宽频音 (扬子鳄吼叫声)作为实验用音对草鱼幼鱼进行负趋音的筛选研究,通过在水槽两端交替播音来对比草鱼幼鱼对不同声音的行为反应。结果显示,大多数实验鱼对声音有反应,扬子鳄吼叫声与其他声音组的差异显著。单频音实验组中播放500 Hz单频音时平均反应次数最大,为 (1.7±0.6)次,而播放扬子鳄吼叫声时平均反应次数高达 (5.0±0.9)次,显著高于其他实验音。在总平均速度中,宽频音组中草鱼的总平均速度显著高于其他组,表明草鱼对扬子鳄吼叫声敏感,产生逃窜行为。研究表明,草鱼对扬子鳄吼叫声具有负趋音性,扬子鳄吼叫声是一种对草鱼具有驱赶、威慑作用的声音。本研究可为过鱼设施中辅助诱驱鱼手段及水利结构中避免鱼类的夹带提供参考依据。