引诱剂对蜜柑大实蝇的诱捕效果

本文报道了采用国际通用的监测技术,利用橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇、地中海实蝇引诱剂和水解蛋白诱饵,在广西凭祥市确定存在蜜柑大实蝇的果园开展了针对性的诱捕;诱捕结果表明,瓜实蝇引诱剂和水解蛋白诱饵能够诱捕到蜜柑大实蝇成虫,且水解蛋白诱饵比瓜实蝇引诱剂诱捕效果好.     

应用纳米磁珠实时荧光定量PCR方法检测番茄黄化曲叶病毒

In order to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific qPCR assay for detection and quantification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a pair of primers and TaqMan probe were designed according to the conserved sequence of known TYLCV isolates. Combining with MNP technique, a novel MNP-qPCR detection method was established and verified based on specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility tests. The results indicated that the Ct value of plotted standard curve showed good linear relationship(R² =0.9994)with the log of copy number of template. The established method showed a high specificity for TYLCV detection without crossing reaction with Tomato severe leaf curl virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sadinia virus, and was 10-fold more sensitive than routine PCR. Both coefficients of variation were less than 2%, indicating a good reproducibility. We have provided a novel method for detection of TYLCV in plant samples rapidly and quantitatively.     

三唑酰草胺在不同类型土壤中的降解特性

为科学评价除草剂三唑酰草胺在土壤环境中的生态风险,采用室内模拟方法,研究了三唑酰草胺在吉林黑土、江西红土和安徽水稻土中的降解特性。结果表明:三唑酰草胺在土壤中的降解符合一级动力学方程。好氧条件下三唑酰草胺在3种土壤中的降解半衰期分别为86.5、106和91.4 d;厌氧条件下半衰期分别为106、130和127 d;水稻田厌氧条件下半衰期分别为162、219和188 d。研究表明,三唑酰草胺在水稻田厌氧条件下的降解速率明显慢于其他2种试验条件下。     

Genetic diversity of Pueraria lobata (kudzu) and closely related taxa as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) is a noxious weed infesting some areas of the USA. Knowledge of its genetic variation in both native and invasive areas can lead to effective biological control measures. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) variations were studied in P. lobata and its four closely related congeneric species (P. edulis, P. montana, P. phaseoloides and P. thomsoni). ISSR results allowed a clear separation of these five species. For P. lobata, 108 plants from China and USA were analysed. The samples from the US were genetically closer to Chinese P. lobata populations than to other congeneric populations. High genetic differentiation was found for P. lobata, P. montana and P. thomsoni in Chinese samples. High genetic diversity and low population differentiation was found in P. lobata samples of the US. This supports the hypothesis of multiple introductions into the USA from different sources in Japan or China, followed by subsequent gene exchange and recombination.     

水分胁迫对结球白菜光合特性的影响

以3个结球白菜品种新早56、新乡小包、北京小杂为试材,采用盆栽方式模拟田间试验,人为设置4个土壤相对含水量处理,研究了水分胁迫对大白菜光合特性的影响。结果表明,随着土壤水分胁迫程度的增加,白菜叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均逐渐下降,光合速率高低顺序表现为新早56>新乡小包>北京小杂,而胞间CO2浓度则品种间无显著差异,表明在水分胁迫下非气孔因素是导致白菜叶片光合速率下降的主要原因,同时说明新早56的抗旱性强于新乡小包和北京小杂。     

番茄褪绿病毒病在山东设施西葫芦上的发生及潜在危害

番茄褪绿病毒tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)是我国蔬菜生产的重要新发病毒,其寄主范围逐年扩大。2019年10月项目组在山东寿光西葫芦温室调查时发现部分叶片呈现黄化、脉间褪绿,类似于ToCV侵染症状,并伴有烟粉虱发生。利用特异性引物检测发现,扩增的目的片段与GenBank中登录的侵染番茄的ToCV基因序列(登录号：KC887998.1)同源性高达99.58%,充分说明西葫芦植株已被ToCV侵染。通过对病毒病发生规律和烟粉虱虫口数量调查发现,西葫芦定植后1个月表现侵染症状的植株为2.0%,定植后2个月达到4.2%,定植后4个月后高达68.2%,病毒发生呈指数增长,而烟粉虱虫口数量却维持较低密度。从济南和德州采集的西葫芦疑似病叶和烟粉虱中也检出ToCV病毒,说明该病毒可能已经在山东省设施西葫芦主要种植区普遍发生,并经烟粉虱广泛传播,需引起高度重视。     

武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的抑制作用及对番茄抗病性相关酶活性的影响

采用凹陷载玻片法测定了武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,在离体番茄叶片上测定了被武夷菌素处理后的番茄灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子致病性的变化以及武夷菌素对番茄幼苗体内抗病性相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:武夷菌素对番茄灰霉菌的分生孢子有较强的抑制作用,其EC₅₀为14.1μg／mL。浓度为100μg／mL的武夷菌素可完全抑制孢子的萌发。武夷菌素能使灰霉菌菌丝和分生孢子的致病性明显下降,同时还能诱导番茄体内抗病性相关酶(SOD、POD、PPO、PAL)活性的增强,提高番茄幼苗的抗病性。     

花期干旱对大豆叶绿素荧光参数的影响

利用叶绿素荧光动力学测定技术,研究大豆开花期干旱对叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响,结果表明:大豆开花期受旱后,可变荧光与最大荧光比(Fv/Fm)、可变荧光与初始荧光比(Fv/F0)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)均降低,而ETR升高。说明光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)受到了伤害,使得PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、起光保护作用的热耗散降低,光合电子传递速率升高。花期干旱胁迫后,各参数存在基因型差异,新大豆1号在花期干旱条件下,光合机构受破坏较轻,其吸收的光能能较多地用于光化学转化能力,抗旱能力强。因此,花期干旱胁迫下,叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/F0、Fv/Fm)变化与大豆品种抗旱性有关,利用大豆品种叶绿素荧光对干旱胁迫的反应差异鉴定品种抗旱性是可行的。     

线椒新品种湘辣18号的选育

湘辣18号是以R1030A为母本,R06-118-1-1为父本配制而成的杂交一代早熟线椒品种,第一开花节位8节;植株直立性好,果实线形,浅绿色;顺直光亮,平均果长27 cm,平均果宽1.6 cm,肉厚0.1 cm,平均单果质量16 g;耐低温弱光能力强,抗疫病与细菌性斑点病能力好,适合早春大棚栽培或早中熟露地丰产栽培。     

香芋复合饮料的研制

为了确定香芋复合饮料的最佳配方,以香芋、干花和大米等为原料,通过打浆、加热研磨等
工艺,加上后期调配获得最终产品。通过正交试验以及对饮料的综合感官评价和理化分析,得到了最佳的
配方。结果如下：当香芋添加量为100 g,水的添加量为1 100 mL 时,蜂蜜和柠檬汁的添加量分别为9%
和0.07%;粳米（晚粳宁88）添加量为10 g;干茉莉花的添加量为2 g;牛奶和枸杞的添加量分别为5 mL
和1 g。该产品具有茉莉花和牛奶的清香和乳香,口感细腻,为淡乳黄色液体,具有营养保健功效。