氮肥对黑小麦“运黑161”产量及氮素利用效率的影响

为了研究不同施肥水平对黑小麦产量和氮利用率的影响,在洪洞县小麦试验基地开展大田试验。试验以“运黑161”为供试品种,采用单因素完全随机设计,设0 kg/hm²（N0）、144 kg/hm²（N144）、192 kg/hm²（N192）、240 kg/hm²（N240）4 个施氮水平,研究黑小麦在不同氮肥水平下的株高、产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮利用率的变化。研究表明,与不施肥相比,施氮可增加黑小麦孕穗至成熟期株高。随施氮量的增加,成熟期穗数和穗粒数也增加,产量以施氮量240 kg/hm²最高,达6 048.45 kg/hm²,较其它氮肥提高6.04%~134.30%,但与施氮量192 kg/hm²处理间差异不显著。氮肥农学利用率以施氮量192 kg/hm²最高,达16.26%。总之,施氮量为192 kg/hm²更利于“运黑161”降低氮肥投入,节约成本,实现产量和氮效率的同步提升。     

绿茶抗大鼠肾间质纤维化作用的实验研究

采用"单肾切除加腺嘌呤灌胃法"建立大鼠慢性肾衰竭模型。治疗组予绿茶液灌胃治疗,对照组予尿毒清溶液灌胃治疗,连续治疗28天。取大鼠肾脏石蜡切片分别进行HE染色、PASM染色、Masson染色、Sirius Red染色、Mallory染色,光镜下观察大鼠肾组织5种染色的病理形态学改变,PASM染色、Masson染色、Sirius Red染色随机选择进行肾脏组织病理学图像分析。绿茶组在肾间质纤维化面积、肾小球系膜积分光密度值、肾间质中I、Ⅲ型胶原分布面积等方面的作用与模型组对比,P<0.05。说明绿茶能够减轻腺嘌呤对大鼠肾间质的病理损害,绿茶有抗肾间质纤维化的作用,并且能抑制I、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的增生,这可能是绿茶防治肾间质纤维化、延缓慢性肾衰竭发展进程的机制之一。     

Preliminary Research on Regional Material Flow Analysis： A Case Study of Chengyang District in Qingdao

The method ＂Material Flow Analysis （MFA）＂ is one of the effective tools to study law and quantification of material flow between economic system and ecological system. On the national level, economy-wide material flow analysis has been published for a number of countries. However, published studies on the regional or local level are still very limited and a standardized method does not exist yet. On the basis of framework of Material Flow Analysis proposed by Eurostat, the paper collected related data and analyzed material input and output for the Chengyang district in Qingdao. The results showed that DMI （Direct Material Input） and TMR （Total Material Requirement） in absolute number increased about 3.6 and 3.9 times, respectively from 1995 to 2004. Fossil fuel and mineral contributed to about 50.3%-76.3% of DMI. Imports of material increased about 5.0 times and became the most important Contributor to DMI, which showed that local economic growth was highly dependent on resources from other regions and countries. DPO （Domestic Processed Output） and TDO （Total Domestic Output） represent slow increasing trend, and DPO contributed to 22.2%-58.1% of TDO, suggesting local hidden flows were of obvious effect on TDO. The biggest component of DPO is CO2, approximately accounting for 90% of DPO. The material productivity increased 57.7% in last decade, reflecting improvement of efficiency of resources utilization in some extent. However, compared to developed countries and regions, material productivity of Chengyang district was relatively low. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability, it is essential to develop circular economy and enhance materials productivity.     

大豆抗疫霉根腐病基因SSR标记

选用感病大豆品种合丰25和抗病大豆品种抗线2号作为亲本配制杂交组合,获得F2种子.种植F2代种子获得F2:3家系,作为分子标记分离群体,进行大豆抗疫霉根腐病基因SSR标记.共筛选覆盖大豆全基因组的350对SSR引物,其中52对引物在亲本间具有多态性,在F2群体中通过BSA法筛选出与抗疫霉病基因相关的多态性差异引物1对,为Scaa003,位于大豆公共遗传图谱的J连锁群.同时该引物在其他10个抗病品种及4个感病品种中抗、感病谱带检出率均为100%,具有一定的检测通用性,可以为大豆疫霉根腐菌1号生理小种抗性材料的辅助选择提供理论依据.     

不同播期对黑河38大豆生长动态及产量的影响

引进黑龙江省大豆品种黑河38,对不同播期处理的产量性状、生育期结构、叶面积指数消长、生物产量积累动态、器官平衡等进行了比较.结果表明:该品种在沈阳地区种植,随着播期延迟,生育日数逐渐缩短,最大叶面积指数下降、单株生物产量的积累减少.各播期间单株粒数、百粒重、小区产量差异显著,单位面积产量以6月9日播种最高,迟至7月11日播种,仍可获得较高产量,可作为春小麦或马铃薯下茬利用.以黑河、沈阳两地同期播种相比较,产量和品质差异较大.     

PEG模拟水分胁迫对桑种萌发及抗性生理生化指标的影响

以“桂优62号”桑种为材料,在不同浓度高分子量的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟的水分胁迫条件下,以摇床培养方法对其进行萌发培养。测定不同浓度PEG溶液（30％、25％、20％和双蒸水）中萌发种子的相关抗性生化指标,实验结果经统计分析表明,当PEG浓度为30％时,萌发种子中的脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量均极显著地高于CK（双蒸水）,说明在高浓度PEG溶液处理下能够萌发的种子具有较强的抗水分胁迫的能力,可以作为桑树抗旱育种的选择依据之一。     

复合微生物制剂对重口裂腹鱼生长、消化酶活性、肠道菌群及水质指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生物制剂对重口裂腹鱼生长、肠道消化酶和菌群以及水质指标的影响.选取健康平均体重(250.00±0.50)g的重口裂腹鱼180尾,随机分成2组(对照组和试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加2‰复合微生物制剂的试验日粮,试验期120 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,饲喂复合微生物制剂可提高重口裂腹鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率,且随养殖时间的增加作用效果越明显;可显著提高前肠、中肠和后肠的蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性(P<0.01);可显著或极显著增加前、中、后肠芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的菌群数量(P<0.01或P<0.05);可显著或极显著降低试验中、后期水体中活性磷酸盐和氨氮浓度(P<0.01或P<0.05).由结果可知,复合微生物制剂能改善水质,提高重口裂腹鱼肠道消化酶活性、增加肠道有益菌群数(芽孢杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌),促进鱼体生长.     

冬小麦品种的HMW-GS组成和1BL/1RS易位分布及其与品质性状的关系研究

研究了我国代表性冬小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)以及1BL/1RS易位的分布和组成,探讨了其对揉面仪特性等小麦加工品质性状的影响,结果表明:在Glu-A1位点,我国小麦品种中1亚基的频率为64.0%,N亚基为32.5%,2*亚基频率低,为3.5%;在Glu-B1位点,7 9亚基占56.8%,7 8亚基为26.4%,14 15亚基为10.7%,而20,13 16,7亚基的材料极少(频率分别为3.6%,1.5%和1%);在Glu-D1位点,2 12和4 12亚基合计占63.0%,而5 10亚基的比例偏低,为37.0%.1BL/1RS易位系的比例仍然偏高,为50.8%.HMW-GS组成及1BL/1RS易位对小麦加工品质影响较大,其中5 10亚基对小麦绝大多数加工品质指标起正向作用,而1BL/1RS易位对大多数品质指标起负向作用.因此,我国小麦品种5 10亚基的频率仍然偏低,1BL/1RS易位系频率仍然偏高,可能正是目前我国小麦生产中优质品种面筋强度不够,品质稳定性差的原因所在.根据SDS-PAGE麦谷蛋白电泳结果或分子标记进行优质高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基选择,提高5 10等优质亚基的比例,并根据醇溶蛋白电泳结果进行1BL/1RS易位筛选,降低1BL/1RS频率,应成为今后我国优质小麦育种的重要目标和手段之一.     

Interactions between phosphorus availability and microbes in a wheat–maize double cropping system: A reduced fertilization scheme

Mechanisms controlling phosphorus(P) availability and the roles of microorganisms in the efficient utilization of soil P in the wheat–maize double cropping system are poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment for four consecutive wheat–maize seasons(2016–2018) using calcareous soils with high(30.36 mg kg^–1) and low(9.78 mg kg^–1) initial Olsen-P content to evaluate the effects of conventional P fertilizer application to both wheat and maize(Pwm) ...     

Factors influencing seed reserve utilization during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines

Strong seedlings are essential for high yield. To explore the foundation of strong seedlings, we investigated various factors influencing the conversion and distribution of seed storage reserves during seedling establishment in maize inbred lines. Three maize inbred lines were used to explore the effects of seed size, seed vigor, illumination duration, temperature, water content, and salt concentration of the seedling medium on the utilization of seed storage reserves during seedling establishme...