早熟大白菜新品种中白62号的选育

中白62号是以矬菜类型早熟材料自交系B60533和青麻叶类型材料自交系B60532为亲本配制而成的早熟大白菜一代杂种。成熟期60 d(天)左右。株型紧凑,株高39 cm,开展度57 cm,外叶深绿色,少皱、有光泽,叶缘波褶小而浅,叶柄浅绿色。叶球直筒形,顶部舒心,球高35 cm,横径13 cm,球形指数2.8,叶球净质量1.6 kg左右。每667 m2净菜产量4 600 kg左右,高抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑腐病,球叶不易发生干烧心。质地脆嫩,品质优良,适宜在辽宁、河北、天津、北京、陕西、贵州等省市及山东、黑龙江、河南、山西等省的部分地区秋季种植。     

日粮不同纤维水平和精粗比对绒山羊瘤胃内中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响

选用18只、2.5岁、体重25kg左右的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊,用尼龙袋法测定了3个精粗比(30∶70、20∶80、10∶90)6个中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平(49%、52%、59%、55%、62%和65%)日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)2、4、6、8、12、24、48和72h的消失率。结果表明:NDF水平为52%时,绒山羊日粮中的NDF和ADF消失率较高。精粗比例为30∶70、20∶80和10∶90时,绒山羊日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率受影响不同,精粗比20∶80日粮组2～72hNDF和ADF消失率较高,其中2h和72h时NDF和ADF消失率明显高于30∶70和10∶90日粮组。由此可以得出,绒山羊配合饲料中纤维素水平为52%,精粗比例为20∶80较适宜。     

加快低碳技术在住宅房地产中的普及研究——以南京“锋尚”国际公寓为例

介绍了低碳生活的概念,对低碳技术在住宅房地产中的应用实例——南京"锋尚"国际公寓进行了调研,指出其节能环保的措施,进而提出了普及低碳住宅的建议,以加快低碳技术在住宅房地产中的发展和应用。     

牛能量需要量测定方法研究进展

能量是牛日粮的第一限制性养分,确定牛能量需要量是合理配制牛饲料、提高饲料利用效率的重要前提。牛能量需要量的测定方法主要有饲养试验、消化代谢试验、呼吸测热法及比较屠宰法等,论文对上述方法进行了简要综述,为合理进行牛能量需要量评定提供参考。     

草莓褐色叶斑病病原菌Pilidium lythri鉴定及室内防治药剂筛选

近年来,由病原菌Pilidium lythri引起的草莓褐色叶斑病,是一种在中国发生严重的新病害。作者在2015年至2017年间,从北京市昌平区、山东省诸城市和湖南省娄底市采集有症状的草莓样品共90株,每地30株,根据形态学特征、分子生物学及系统发育分析,其中26株分离物被鉴定为P. lythri, 并且山东和湖南系首次发现由P. lythri引起的草莓褐色叶斑病。鉴于目前中国还没有登记用于防治草莓褐色叶斑病的杀菌剂。本研究通过室内毒力测定法测定了26株P. lythri菌株对8种常用杀菌剂和1种新型杀菌剂双苯菌胺(SYP-14288)的敏感性。结果表明：SYP-14288对P. lythri菌丝生长的抑制活性最强,平均EC₅₀值为(0.33 ± 0.06) μg/mL,可将其作为防治草莓褐色叶斑病的首选药剂;氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、百菌清和腈菌唑对P. lythri的平均EC₅₀值在3.92~72.58 μg/mL之间,其中菌株对嘧菌酯和代森锰锌的敏感性较低。该研究结果可为合理使用杀菌剂防治由P. lythri引起的草莓褐色叶斑病提供参考。

     

有机生态型无土栽培基质浸提液对黄瓜种子 萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以黄瓜种子和幼苗为 试材,研究了栽培1 a、栽培2 a 和栽培3 a 的有机生态型无土栽培基质
的特性和基质浸提液对种子萌发及 幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：栽培3 a 较栽培1 a 的基质的 容重、持水
孔隙度、pH 值、EC 值都极显著增大,基质总孔 隙度和通气孔隙度都极显著降低;栽培3 a 后的基质浸提
液处理黄瓜种子和幼苗,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数较对照极显著降低,幼苗主根长、胚
轴长、侧根数、上胚轴粗和下胚轴粗较对照极显著降低;幼苗株高、地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量较对照
极显著降低;幼苗地下部鲜质量和干质量较对照极显著增加;幼苗叶片的光合速率和水分利用率较对照极
显著降低;叶片气孔导度、胞间CO₂ 浓度和蒸腾速率较对照极显著增大;幼苗根冠比、G 值、叶绿素a 含量、
叶绿素b 含量、叶绿素（a+b）含量和叶绿素a/b 的值较栽培1 a 的基质浸提液处理极显著降低。因此,栽
培3 a 后,基质的特性和内含物不利于黄瓜种子的萌发和幼苗生长。     

Effect of endothelin-1 on inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD

AIM:To investigate the effect of endothelin-1 on inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:Healthy non-smokers (30 cases), healthy smokers (30 cases) and COPD patients (29 cases) were collected and induced to produce sputum. The concentration of endothelin-1 in the induced sputum was detected. The model of emphysema was established by cigarette smoke extract to stimulate SD rats. Endothelin A receptor antagonist BQ123 and non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan were used to intervene with the model rats. The experiment was divided into control group, cigarette-treated group, selective antagonist group and non-selective antagonist group. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot. Gelatin zymography was used to analyze the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the lung tissue. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The bioantioxidant power (BAP) was detected by BAP assay kit. RESULTS:The concentrations of endothelin-1 in induced sputum of healthy smokers and COPD patients were significantly higher than that of healthy non-smokers (P<0.05), and the level of endothelin-1 in COPD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy smokers (P<0.05). The levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissues from cigarette-treated group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly inhibited the levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05). The serum BAP in cigarette-treated group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). However, endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly increased serum BAP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Endothelin-1 may play an important role in the development and progression of COPD through regulating apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase activity, inflammation and oxidative stress.     

高灌蓝莓光合作用对若干环境因子的响应

研究了4个高灌蓝莓品种( ‘泽西’、‘日出’、‘乔治亚吉姆’和‘里维尔’) 的光合作用启动过程, 及其光合作用对环境因子的响应。结果表明: 4个品种的光合启动时间均较长(46～75 min) , 其中‘里维尔’的光合启动最快, ‘日出’最慢。这4种蓝莓的CO₂补偿点均较高(89～121 μmol·mol^-1 ) , 是典型的C3 植物。相对南高灌蓝莓品种, 北高灌品种‘日出’和‘泽西’具有较高的光合能力、羧化效率、PSⅡ最大光化学效率和饱和光强, ‘日出’的光补偿点最低(18.22 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 ) , 具备耐阴生树种的特征。北高灌品种的光合最适温度较低, 范围也较窄(23～25℃) , 不适宜在南方高温地区种植; 相比之下, 南高灌品种‘里维尔’具有较高和较宽的光合最适温范围(23～35℃) , 适宜引种的区域范围较宽。     

Relationship between endothelial dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under the condition of fatigue stress and effect of herbs to dredge collaterals

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms and relationship among endothelial dysfunction, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and family of interleukins under the condition of excessive fatigue, by using the rats with fatigue stress. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, homocysteine (HCY) group, fatigue stress group, renshen group, shuangshen group and tongxinluo group. Radioimmunoassay was carried out to detect plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AngⅡ), aldosterone (ALD), endothelin (ET), thromboxane-2 (TXA2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in plasma and interleukin-1β, 2, 6, 10 (IL -1β, IL -2, IL -6) in sera. ELISA was used to detect NE and IL -10. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in sera was also detected. The bioinformatical analysis was used to determine the relationship between RAAS and endothelial dysfunction. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the levels of ET-1 and TXA2 in fatigue stress group were significantly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), but the content of PGI2 and NO was significantly decreased (P<0.01, P<0.01). Compared with control group, the renin activity in plasma of animals in fatigue stress group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the AngⅡ, IL -1β, IL -6 level was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01, P<0.01), and was significantly increased compared with the HCY group (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). The NE level showed the tendency of decrease in different degree. After the intervention of three kinds of herbs to dredge collaterals, the ET-1, AngⅡ, IL -1β, IL-6 level in plasma was decreased in different degree (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01), and at the same time, the contents of NO and NE level were significantly increased (P<0.05). The ALD level in tongxinluo groups was apparently higher than that in control group and the fatigue stress group (P<0.05). The bioinformatics analysis showed that Ang II and ET, IL-1; PGI2 and ALD; NO and ALD composed of three subsystems and interrelated according to the principle of optimality of complex system, and gradual change regulation was also observed in fatigue stress group. However, in control group, HCY group and tongxinluo group, the same interrelation among subsystems was not existed. CONCLUSION: In a state of long-term excessive fatigue, vascular endothelial dysfunction may be induced, and is related with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system imbalance and serious turbulence of the autonomic dysfunction. Herbs to dredge collaterals could improve it significantly. The results suggest that bearing excessive fatigue and pressure in long-term may be the potential risk factors to induce vascular endothelial dysfunction and further result in cardio-cerebro vascular diseases, Tongluo therapy may be one of the useful ways to prevent such diseases.