京津冀花椰菜产业现状、发展趋势及对策建议

针对我国花椰菜产业不断发展壮大、种植面积不断扩大,尤其是松花菜的种植面积和市场占有率迅速增长的情况,从种植情况、种子研发企业和松花菜栽培情况3大部分展开,介绍了京津冀地区花椰菜产业的发展现状,列举了京津冀地区花椰菜品种品质、育种技术及商品物流方面存在的问题,并提出了发展趋势及应对策略,如加强优质、多抗、适应性强的花椰菜新品种选育,重视花椰菜现代育种技术的创新,加强育种技术的交流与合作,培育龙头企业,加大品牌宣传力度,推进京津冀花椰菜产业发展进程。     

辽西地区土壤酸碱性对黑果腺肋花楸生长的影响与改良办法

黑果腺肋花楸在辽西地区栽培,多数地块会有黄化现象发生,幼树表现明显,进而影响生长与结果.通过增施肥料、间作、覆盖、应用土壤结构改良剂和中耕等管理措施,改善土壤酸碱状况,进而达到理想的栽培效果.     

杨小舟蛾防治药剂筛选

通过对1.8%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲、100亿芽活孢.g-1B t和90%敌百虫4种药剂在室内、室外对杨小舟蛾幼虫防治试验,发现各种供试药剂均取得一定的防治效果,其中1.8%阿维菌素、25%灭幼脲、100亿芽活孢.g-1B t防效较好。     

Forest biomass and root–shoot allocation in northeast China

Temperate and boreal forests act as major sinks for atmospheric CO₂. To assess the magnitude and distribution of the sinks more precisely, an accurate estimation of forest biomass is required. However, the determinants of large-scale biomass pattern (especially root biomass) are still poorly understood for these forests in China. In this study, we used 515 field measurements of biomass across the northeast part of China, to examine factors affecting large-scale biomass pattern and root–shoot biomass allocation. Our results showed that, Picea & Abies forest and coniferous & broadleaf mixed forest had the highest mean biomass (178–202 Mg/ha), while Pinus sylvestris forest the lowest (78 Mg/ha). The root:shoot (R/S) biomass ratio ranged between 0.09 and 0.67 in northeast China, with an average of 0.27. Forest origin (primary/secondary/planted forest) explained 31–37% of variation in biomass (total, shoot and root), while climate explained only 8–15%, reflecting the strong effect of disturbance on forest biomass. Compared with shoot biomass, root biomass was less limited by precipitation as a result of biomass allocation change. R/S ratio was negatively related to water availability, shoot biomass, stand age, height and volume, suggesting significant effects of climate and ontogeny on biomass allocation. Root–shoot biomass relationships also differed significantly between natural and planted forests, and between broadleaf and coniferous forests. Shoot biomass, climate and forest origin were the most important predictors for root biomass, and together explained 83% of the variation. This model provided a better way for estimating root biomass than the R/S ratio method, which predicted root biomass with a R² of 0.71.     

Identification of resistance gene analogue markers closely linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31

Specific oligonucleotide primers, designed for the sequences of known plant disease resistance genes, were used to amplify resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from wheat genomic DNA. This method was applied in a bulked segregant analysis to screen for the RGA markers linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm31, introgressed into common wheat from wild emmer. Two RGA markers (RGA200 and RGA390) were found to be closely linked to Pm31 and completely co‐segregating with the marker allele of Xpsp3029 linked to Pm31, with a genetic distance of 0.6 cM. These two RGA markers were then integrated into the formerly established microsatellite map of Pm31 region. The result showed the effectiveness of the RGA approach for developing molecular markers linked to disease resistance genes and demonstrated the efficiency of denaturing polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis for detecting polymerase chain reaction polymorphism.     

Characteristics and thermodynamics analysis ofoxyacetylene flame brazing joint of Cu/Al tubes

以磨盘柿为试材,研究不同液浸处理对冰温贮藏(-0.5～-0.2)℃柿果涩味转变、品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明:在冰温条件下,用2%浓度的NaCl溶液贮藏磨盘柿,可使果实的乙醇含量在贮藏30～45 d内急剧增加,促进可溶性单宁的降低,在贮藏45 d时达到完全脱涩,并可有效延缓果实硬度的下降,具有脱涩和保脆的双重作用,同时可保持相对较高的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,抑制贮藏后期果实丙二醛和膜相对电导率的增加,减缓果实的衰老进程。     

基于芯片数据和整合分析研究奶牛乳房炎的关键通路

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛业带来巨大的经济损失,严重制约着奶牛业的发展。为了进一步了解乳房炎的调控机理,对已发表的5套大肠杆菌感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的表达谱芯片数据统一进行预处理,并整合大肠杆菌感染1、6、24 h的基因富集分析,以期得到更可靠的影响奶牛乳房炎的关键基因和通路。结果发现,感染1、6和24 h数据集的分析结果中共同下调通路分别为9、30和17个,分析结果确定了一些奶牛乳房炎相关的通路及基因,为进一步揭示其调控机理提供参考。     

益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同比例益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响。选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加3%、6%和9%发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量对肉鸡生长前期(14～28日龄)、中期(29～45日龄)、后期(46～65日龄)各阶段小肠黏膜形态,中、后期血清T淋巴细胞亚群及后期肠道菌群的影响。研究结果显示:①与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡前、中、后期的十二指肠绒毛高度极显著提高31.90%、25.17%、49.41%(P<0.01),隐窝深度极显著降低9.42%、11.31%、10.83%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高45.65%、41.19%、67.84%(P<0.01);空肠绒毛高度极显著提高28.72%、28.38%、27.61%(P<0.01),隐窝深度显著或极显著下降6.65%(P<0.05)、6.18%(P<0.01)、7.37%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高37.84%、36.69%、37.82%(P<0.01);回肠绒毛高度极显著提高76.64%、40.36%、67.20%(P<0.01) ,隐窝深度显著降低4.09%、6.07%、6.02%(P<0.05),V/C极显著提高83.79%、49.27%、78.26% (P<0.01)。②中、后期Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著提高42.86%、34.95%(P<0.05)。③随着发酵棉粕添加量的增多,黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠中乳酸菌的数量逐渐增多,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠段外,其余各组的各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量逐渐减少,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠段外,其余各组各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。综上所述,6%发酵棉粕组在提高十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度、V/C,降低其隐窝深度方面都优于3%、9%发酵棉粕组,而9%发酵棉粕组在提高CD4⁺/CD8⁺、肠道乳酸菌数量和降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量方面优于3%、6%发酵棉粕组。     

糖基化去除大豆球蛋白免疫原性方法的优化

为了优化糖基化去除大豆球蛋白免疫原性的方法,本试验采用果寡糖与粗提大豆球蛋白进行干热法糖基化反应,选择不同的温湿度反应条件组合,测定各个反应条件下0～120 h产物的蛋白质溶解状况及免疫原性去除效果。结果表明随着时间的推移,各组产物的蛋白质溶解均有下降,而免疫原性去除效果增强,其中在65℃、75%相对湿度、蛋白质与糖摩尔比1∶14时反应60 h条件下蛋白质溶解及免疫原性去除效果最为理想。该条件可以作为干热法糖基化反应去除大豆球蛋白免疫原性的优化方法。