草地早熟禾品种在北京地区对褐斑病的抗性评价

采用田间目测法对草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）31个品种的抗病性进行评价。结果表明,不同品种（系）对褐斑病（Rhizoctonia solani）的抗性有较明显差异,抗病程度分别从高感到高抗,其中有9个品种的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值均在0.70～1.00,属褐斑病高抗;有6个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.50～0.70,属于褐斑病中抗;有1个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.30～0.50,属褐斑病感病;有9个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.10～0.30,属褐斑病中感;有3个的相对抗病指数与隶属函数值在0.10以下,属褐斑病高感;有3个品种由于评价结果不一致尚不确定其抗病等级。     

人工草地施肥技术的研究

试验结果表明,沙壤土碱草地上,施氮肥比施氮磷肥混施或施复合肥增产效果显著。而氮肥中又以施硝酸铵效果最好。667m2施硝酸铵10kg时增产甘草50．0kg,比对照增产76．8％,施肥时期以6月5日和6月20日效果较好,分别增产0．8％和72．3％。草地施肥不仅要考虑土壤、植被、产草量、肥料种类、施肥时期及牧草的生长发育阶段,还要注意水分条件,一般在降雨后或施肥后灌水最好。     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy piglets

A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets was conducted after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of 2.0 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Plasma concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with UV detector at 268‐nm wavelength. Plasma concentration–time data after i.v. administration were best fit by a two‐compartment model. The pharmacokinetic values were distribution half‐life 0.27 ± 0.21 h, elimination half‐life 1.85 ± 1.11 h, total body clearance 0.26 ± 0.08 L/kg·h, area under curve 8.07 ± 1.91 μg·h/mL and volume of distribution at steady state 0.46 ± 0.10 L/kg. Plasma concentration–time data after i.m. administration were also best fit by a two‐compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were distribution half‐life 0.88 ± 0.42 h, elimination half‐life 4.36 ± 2.35 h, peak concentration 4.01 ± 0.57 μg/mL and bioavailability 95.13 ± 9.93%.     

肉牛对不同物理性状的玉米秸饲料利用效果的研究

为研究肉牛对不同玉米秸杆产品的利用情况,选18月龄西门塔尔牛与当地黄牛的F136头,分别用铡碎、揉碎、揉碎压捆、制粒、压块和挤压成棒状的六种玉米秸秆饲料进行了肉牛饲养试验和消化试验.结果秸秆采食量以后三种加工处理的秸秆为最高,铡碎为最低,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中;日粮表现消化率以秸秆颗粒型日粮最低,其他几种秸秆型日粮差异不大;肉牛增重以应用秸秆饲料块和秸秆饲料棒的肉牛增重效果最好,铡碎秸秆最差,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中.除铡碎型外,其他几种玉米秸杆饲料用于育肥牛均可取得较好的增重效果.     

Exogenous DNA Uptake of Boar Spermatozoa by a Magnetic Nanoparticle Vector System

The sperm‐mediated gene transfer method is applicable to transgenesis in many species that use spermatozoa for reproduction recently, which has been shown various results. In the current study, we show that transgenic porcine embryos can be efficiently produced by employing a simple transfection method that uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The complexes formed between plasmid DNA and MNPs were bounded on ejaculated boar spermatozoa at a higher efficiency compared to methods using DNA alone or lipofection. Using confocal microscopy, rhodamine fluorophore‐labelled MNPs were detected on external surfaces of the spermatozoa membrane, which were bounded on zona pellucida of in vitro maturated oocyte during in vitro fertilization. Electron microscopy revealed that clusters of MNPs were detected in inside of plasma membrane and nucleus of the spermatozoa head. Additionally, we found that magnetofected boar spermatozoa could be fertilized with oocytes in vitro and that the resulting gene of green fluorescent protein was detected in fertilized eggs by genomic PCR analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MNPs can be used to efficiently introduce a transgene into embryo via spermatozoa.     

覆膜垄沟集雨种植对老芒麦高度和密度的影响

研究了北方农牧交错区垄沟集雨种植措施对老芒麦Elymus sibiricus生长发育的影响。覆膜垄沟集雨种植可以使有限降雨在沟内富集累加,垄面径流效率达到80%左右。老芒麦2008和2009年营养生长阶段,处理间高度差异显著。2008年处理1和CK相比,株高提高33.5%~61.3%;处理2和CK相比,株高提高20.1%~44.1%,处理1与处理2相比,株高提高9.2%~16.2%。2009年处理1与CK相比,株高提高93.2%~116.4%;处理2与CK相比,株高提高65.4%~82.3%;处理1与处理2相比,株高提高12.1%~19.4%。处理1、处理2与CK三者在密度方面差异不尽相同,总体表现出处理2和处理1老芒麦密度高于CK,2008年密度动态变化和单株分蘖数变化保持一致,2009年返青后,呈现出整体略微下降趋势,趋于稳定。     

加速发展社会主义现代化草原畜牧业

目前我国进入“WTO后过渡期”,加快向市场经济和自由贸易制度靠拢。这就要求我国草原畜牧业要改变传统经营方式,从宏观层面合理配置畜牧业资源。通过实施“北繁南育”战略,将北方地区草食家畜的繁殖优势与南方区域的草食家畜育肥优势有机结合起来,生产符合国内外市场需要的绿色畜产品,同时有效解决我国生态环境恶化、畜产品竞争力低下、农牧民增收困难的矛盾,实现我国传统草原畜牧业向现代化草原畜牧业的转变。     

上海市禽源阿贡纳沙门氏菌耐药性及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular types of S.agona strains isolated from poultry in Shanghai from 2010 to 2011,K-B method recommended by WHO was used to detect 14 strains of S.agona from poultry.Results were analyzed according to the breakpoints of CLSI,PFGE was used for molecular typing.14 strains were sensitive to 5 kinds of antibiotics.High resistant to sulfisoxazole and high moderate sensitivity to streptomycin.14 strains of S.agona were classified to 6 PFGE patterns.Some S.agona strains isolated from 2010 to 2011 were showed highly homology.Meanwhile,the relativity between antimicrobial susceptibility and PFGE patterns was remarkable.     

氨基色谱柱测定蜂蜜中4种糖方法研究

《中国药典》(2015年)蜂蜜中规定:用Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,以乙腈-水(75:25)为流动相,示差折光检测器测定蜂蜜中的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖。此次试验证明用普通氨基色谱柱替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,待测组分与其他组分分离良好,精密度试验满足要求,回收率试验结果大于93%,结果准确、可靠,普通氨基柱可替代Prevail Carbohyrate ES色谱柱,用于蜂蜜中糖类物质的测定。     

沙打旺与鹰咀紫云英种间杂交不亲和性研究

沙打旺抗逆性强,而鹰咀紫云英品质较好,是黄芪属中优良性状互补的草种。针对二者种间杂交不亲和性现象,从不同方面研究杂交不亲和的原因。结果表明,亲本花粉活力和育性均非杂交不亲和的主要原因,其主要障碍在于,父本花粉不能伸入母本柱头,表现出不亲和异常现象,如花粉管萌发后盘绕在柱头表面,花粉管尖端膨大等。即使父本花粉管进入母本柱头,因生长缓慢,沉积胼胝质,在花柱中受抑制而停止生长。沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英杂交不亲和的表达部位与亲本自交不亲和的表达部位相似。在此基础上提出克服二者杂交不亲和的措施,为沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英杂交育种提供理论基础和依据。