The effects of phenolic acid on nitrogen metabolism in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">euramericana</Emphasis> ‘Neva’

The declines in soil fertility and productivity in continuously cropped poplar plantations are related to phenolic acid accumulation in the soil. Nitrogen is a vital life element for poplar and whether the accumulation of phenolic acid could influence nitrogen metabolism in poplar and thereby hinder continuous cropping is not clear. In this study, poplar cuttings of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ were potted in vermiculite, and phenolic acids at three concentrations (0X, 0.5X and 1.0X) were added according to the actual content (1.0X) in the soil of a second-generation poplar plantation. Each treatment had eight replicates. We measured gas exchange parameters and the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves. Leaf photosynthetic parameters varied with the concentration of phenolic acids. The net photosynthetic rate (P_N) significantly decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration, and non-stomatal factors might have been the primary limitation for P_N. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), as well as the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the leaves decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration. This was significantly and positively related to P_N (P < 0.05). The low concentration of phenolic acids mainly affected the transformation process of NO₃^? to NO₂^?, while the high concentration of phenolic acids affected both processes, where NO₃^? was transferred to NO₂^? and NH₄⁺ was transferred to glutamine (Gln). Overall, phenolic acid had significant inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic productivity of Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’. This was probably due to its influence on the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes, which reduced the amount of amino acids that were translated into protein and enzymes. Improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants could help to overcome the problems caused by continuous cropping.     

The effects of phenolic acid on nitrogen metabolism in Populus 3 euramericana ‘Neva’

The declines in soil fertility and productivity in continuously cropped poplar plantations are related to phenolic acid accumulation in the soil.Nitrogen is a vital life element for poplar and whether the accumulation of phenolic acid could influence nitrogen metabolism in poplar and thereby hinder continuous cropping is not clear.In this study, poplar cuttings of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’ were potted in vermiculite, and phenolic acids at three concentrations(0 X, 0.5 X and 1.0 X) were added according to the actual content(1.0 X) in the soil of a second-generation poplar plantation.Each treatment had eight replicates.We measured gas exchange parameters and the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves.Leaf photosynthetic parameters varied with the concentration of phenolic acids.The net photosynthetic rate(P_N) significantly decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration, and non-stomatal factors might have been the primary limitation for P_N.The activities of nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT), as well as the contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the leaves decreased with increasing phenolic acid concentration.This was significantly and positively related to P_N(P0.05).The low concentration of phenolic acids mainly affected the transformation process of NO_3~- to NO_2~-, while the high concentration of phenolic acids affected both processes, where NO_3~- was transferred to NO_2~- and NH_4~+ was transferred to glutamine(Gln).Overall, phenolic acid had significant inhibitory effects on the photosynthetic productivity of Populus × euramericana‘Neva’.This was probably due to its influence on the activities of nitrogen assimilation enzymes, which reduced the amount of amino acids that were translated into protein and enzymes.Improving the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by plants could help to overcome the problems caused by continuous cropping.     

响应面法优化厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的闪式提取工艺的研究

探索了闪式提取厚朴中厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选取对提取工艺影响较大的乙醇体积分数、提取时间和液料比3个因素进行Box-Benhnken中心组合设计,利用响应面分析法对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:闪式提取法是一种快速有效提取厚朴中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的方法,其最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数92%,提取时间71s,液料比35∶1(mL∶g),样品厚朴粒径1.7mm。在此提取工艺条件下,厚朴总酚的得率为20.10mg/g(厚朴酚得率13.96mg/g,和厚朴酚得率6.14mg/g),与预测值20.32mg/g基本相符。     

蓝果树的引种表现及栽培技术研究

介绍蓝果树在福州的引种表现,通过对其开展相关试验,分析了它们的生物学特性、生态适应性以及山地造林生长情况,总结出其相应的栽培技术,为蓝果树作为野生乡土绿化树种在福州本地及全省园林绿化推广应用提供科学依据。     

滨海滩涂洋白蜡的光合特性

洋白蜡作为引进种,已在我国广泛种植.以上海南汇滨海森林公园内5年生洋白蜡树种为研究对象,系统研究了其叶片光响应曲线和光合作用日变化.结果发现,洋白蜡光补偿点为32.69 μmoL/(m2·s),光饱和点为948.55 μmoL/(m2·s),暗呼吸速率为1.06 μmoL/(m2·s);净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,最大值为(11.37±2.14)μmol/(m2·s),经相关性分析发现净光合速率与气孔导度、光合有效辐射间存在显著的正相关性;蒸腾速率日变化也呈现双峰曲线,并与气孔导度、温度、大气CO2浓度、光合有效辐射间存在显著的正相关,与相对湿度存在显著的负相关.     

俄罗斯森林采伐管理制度研究与借鉴

通过对俄罗斯森林资源采伐管理的法律、法规与政策进行分析,深入了解俄罗斯森林采伐管理制度的内涵,并在此基础上借鉴其成功经验,对我国相关政策的建立提出了政策性建议。     

辽宁努鲁儿虎山自然保护区植被分类及群落特征研究

努鲁儿虎山自然保护区植物种类繁多,植物资源丰富,部分地段植被属于植物群落演替的顶极阶段。经过调查分析,该区地带性植被为油栎类、槭类和山杏等乔木树种组成的典型温带落叶阔叶林,同时存在4种植被型和7种植被亚型10个群系20个群丛,体现出由温带草原向温带落叶阔叶林带过渡的特征,具有重要的生态价值和保护价值。在分析自然保护区植被保护中存在问题的基础上,提出了相应的保护对策。     

响应面法优化山杏仁蛋白提取工艺研究

用单因素和响应面分析法确定山杏仁蛋白的提取工艺,首先通过单因素试验选取影响因素与水平,然后在单因素试验的基础上采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定较优提取工艺条件。试验结果表明：山杏仁蛋白的等电点为4.1;其较优工艺条件为：pH 9.0,液料比为14 mL/g,提取温度37℃,提取时间60min。采用该工艺条件,山杏仁蛋白的提取率达到92.35%。     

福建武夷山自然保护区高山植物资源及应用初探

在对武夷山自然保护区高山植物资源调查的基础上,分析了保护区内高山植被的生活型、组成成分和植物形态特征,探讨了高山植物的应用价值、开发利用措施以及开发利用中出现的问题,并提出相应对策,以期为武夷山地区高山植物资源的开发利用提供参考。     

自然保护区重要过渡带危机及对策研究——基于四川阿坝自治州理县马山村协议保护机制的调研

针对自然保护区重要过渡带管理危机,引入"协议保护"机制,解决其过渡带管理错位和不到位问题。结果显示:"协议保护"机制能有效激励社区农户和社会组织共同参与自然保护区的管理,能够缓解自然保护区过渡带生物多样性危机,维护生态系统的完整性,保障其核心区和实验区的安全,弥补自然保护区管理体制的主体缺位和管理不到位等问题。