水稻白条纹叶突变体wsl1的遗传分析及基因精细定位

从粳稻日本晴和籼稻R1128杂交衍生的重组自交系群体中获得一个稳定遗传的白条纹叶突变体wsl1(white stripe leaf 1),世代为F10。与亲本R1128相比,突变体wsl1表现出白条纹叶,同时叶脉呈现白化,该性状在苗期就出现并持续整个生育期;突变体的株高、每穗总粒数、剑叶长、生育期显著增加,而结实率显著下降,其他农艺性状没有显著变化。分蘖期突变体wsl1的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和胡萝卜素含量较杂交亲本R1128显著下降;透射电镜观察表明,与野生型相比,突变体的叶绿体形状异常,不规则。遗传分析表明,该突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。精细定位后发现,目标基因WSL1位于第1染色体短臂上标记M1-54与标记M1-70之间,两者相距89.7kb。生物信息学分析表明候选区间内共有8个开放阅读框,暂未发现已报道的叶色相关基因;其中LOC_Os01g02080编码肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶,GO(Gene Ontology)分类显示其可能与类囊体形成有关,后续将通过比较测序、qRT-PCR等分子实验来确定候选基因。     

用A-PAGE鉴定谷子遗传多样性

蛋白质是结构基因编码的产物 ,其组成不因环境条件的改变而改变 ,可以作为对其编码的结构基因的标记。大量研究表明 ,禾谷类作物种子贮藏蛋白具有相当大的多态性 ,不同品种贮藏蛋白的电泳谱带存在较大差异 ,因此提供了一种表征基因型差异的有效而简便的方法[1～ 3] 。谷子种子的主要贮藏蛋白是醇溶蛋白 ,占种子总蛋白的4 5 %～ 6 0 % [4 ] 。在研究材料很少的情况下 ,碱性检测条件下谷子醇溶蛋白十二烷基磺酸钠 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS PAGE)检测出的遗传差异很小或几乎没有[5,6 ] 。近年来 ,禾谷类作物种子醇溶蛋白以酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝…     

现代低温物流与特色果蔬保鲜

以销定贮、定"流",多品种、多批次、小批量、小库容的贮运物流模式是对"以产定销,不定流"的计划经济时期果蔬物流模式的时代性理念和技术设施的一次革命."十五"国家科技攻关课题成果-XZH系列小单元组合式气调贮藏设备及相关技术,形成了特色果蔬"两多两小"的低温物流模式.它解决了在销区进行中长期贮藏的难题,克服了大帐气调贮藏方法的缺陷,还具有适用的广谱性,易于推广的特点,为提高食品安全性,使我国果农增收致富以及对我国的特色果蔬走向世界进行了有益的探索.     

私繁、乱制、套购种子的危害

私繁：即不通过当地农业行政主管部门的许可,不经过产地检疫,不具备生产资质的单位或个人私自非法生产种子的行为;乱制：指基地没有隔离条件、品种未经审定,生产者不懂技术、不按照《农作物种子生产技术操作规程》生产种子的行为;套购：即没有收购合同或没有经营许可证而在种子生产基地非法收购他人组织生产的种子产品的不法行为。     

植物精油对大米防霉保鲜效果的影响

在人工模拟高温高湿条件下,将柠檬、艾叶、肉桂、丁香、香茅和芥末6种植物提取的精油对高水分含量（17％）的大米进行防霉保鲜效果试验。试验结果表明,不同植物精油均有一定的防霉作用,其中芥末精油效果最好,能够明显地防止大米发霉,其最佳使用浓度为5μL／kg（米）。     

控失尿素减施及不同配比对夏玉米产量及氮肥效率的影响

添加纳米矿物类控失剂的控失尿素可通过吸附作用,减少施入土壤后的氮素损失,明确该控失尿素施用量、与常规尿素合理配比在夏玉米上的效应,可为夏玉米一次性施肥、氮肥减施增效提供依据。在不同产量水平(高、中、低产田)土壤上,通过田间试验研究常规尿素(纯氮210 kg hm^–2)、控失尿素常量及减施(减量10%,即纯氮189 kg hm^–2;减量20%,即纯氮168kghm^–2)、控失尿素与常规尿素配施(配比分别为7∶3、5∶5和3∶7)对夏玉米产量、地上部生物量、养分积累量、光合特性及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥施用可显著提高夏玉米产量,常量控失尿素施用下夏玉米增产率达22.96%～27.55%,在高、中产田上产量较常规尿素有显著提升。与常量控失尿素相比,控失尿素减施10%和20%通过提升穗粒数使得高、中产田夏玉米产量不降低,控失尿素减施20%处理下高产田氮肥利用率高达41.60%。控失尿素与常规尿素7∶3配施下的氮素积累量与常量控失尿素处理无显著差异,高产田和中产田夏玉米产量、秸秆干物重均未显著降低,同时可显著提高低产田夏...     

玉米顶腐病的发生与防治

玉米顶腐病2010年在新乡市多点发生与流行,对玉米的安全生产造成严重威胁。通过对该病进行实地调查,在分析发生危害特点、总结发病规律及药剂筛选研究试验的基础上,提出农业防治、化学防治等有效防治措施。     

GGE叠图法─分析品种×环境互作模式的理想方法

本文介绍一种分析作物区域试验结果的方法－ＧＧＥ叠图法。首先，将原始产量数据减去各地 点的平均产量，由此形成的数据集只含品种主效应Ｇ和品种－环境互作效应ＧＥ，合称为ＧＧＥ。对ＧＧＥ 作单值分解，并以第一和第二主成分近似之。按照第一和第二主成分值将各品种和各地点放到一个平 面图上即形成ＧＧＥ叠图。借助于辅助线，可以直观回答以下问题：（１）什么是某一特定环境下最好的 品种；（２）什么是某一特定品种最适合的环境；（３）任意两品种在各环境下的表现如何；（４）试验中品 种×环境互作的总体模式是怎样的；（５）什么是高产、稳产品种；（６）什么是有利于筛选高产、稳产品 种的环境。     

The effects of nitrogen sludge load and DO on high concentration nitrous nitrifying system

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of nitrogen sludge load and dissolved oxygen(DO) on nitrite nitrification system. The following conclusions have been drawn based on the experimental data and analysis results: 1) The ammonium degradation rate and the nitrous accumulation rate of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system decline with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is less than two days, the ammonium degradation rate rapidly declines to 25%~29% with the increase of NH+4-N sludge load. When HRT is beyond two days, the ammonium rate of the system slowly falls to 50%~60% with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 2.5 days or 3 days, the declined trend of the system nitrous accumulation rate is not obvious with the NH+4-N sludge load increased. When HRT is 5 days, the decrease of nitrous accumulation rate is caused by the adaptation of sludge. So the NH+4-N sludge load of high concentration nitrous accumulation system should not be too high; 2)With the increase of DO, the ammonium degradation of high concentration nitrous nitrifying system is gradually increased. When the DO is less than 0.7 mg/L, it is not conductive to the ammonium degradation. When the DO is higher than 2 mg/L, the oxide of NH+4-N is changed into the increased of NO3-N and the nitrous accumulation rate declined. If the concentration of DO is controlled within 0.7to 1.3 mg/L, the high concentration nitrous nitrifying system can have a good NH+4-N degradation rate and nitrous accumulation rate.     

Expression Patterns of the Serine Protease Gene AlSP 3 in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Different Temperatures

As an important digestive enzyme gene, the serine protease gene AlSP 3 plays a key role in Apolygus lucorum for digesting conventional cotton. To understand the effect of different temperatures on the expression level of AlSP 3, we analyzed the expression patterns of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum reared at different temperatures using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that at the normal temperature of 24 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in A .lucorum at different nymphal stages was similar. The expressions of AlSP 3 in the female adult at the pre-mating stage and the male adult at post-mating stage were 19.71- and 7.16-fold higher than their control at the 1^st nymphal stage, respectively, which were significantly higher than at any other stages. However, expression in the 4^th to 5^th A. lucorum at the nymphal stage increased with rising temperature in the range of 21～30 ℃. At 30 ℃, the expression of AlSP 3 in the 2nd to 5^th A. lucorum was the highest. The expression levels of AlSP 3 in adult A. lucorum reared at different temperatures during the new emergence and pre-mating stages were significantly higher than that of the control reared at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01), while the expression during the post-mating stage at 18℃ was higher than that at other temperatures. When incubated at extreme temperatures (4 ℃ and 40 ℃), the expression of AlSP 3 in female and male adult A. lucorum was significantly higher than that at 24 ℃ (P < 0.01). Taken together, our results showed that the external environment temperature and the internal stage of A. lucorum or its sex all had significant effects on the expression of AlSP 3 in A. lucorum (P < 0.01), and that there was some interactions between them. Therefore, AlSP 3 is very important for the female adult A. lucorum to obtain nutrition at the early stages and temperature is an important limiting factor for the expression of AlSP 3.