基于氮稳定同位素分析的三峡水库主要鱼类营养级研究

运用稳定同位素技术对2018年7月—2019年1月采自三峡库区干流木洞、涪陵、云阳和秭归江段的38种鱼类进行氮稳定同位素分析,同时计算鱼类营养级并构建了鱼类连续营养谱。研究结果显示,三峡库区干流鱼类δ15N值平均值为11.02‰,变化范围为5.31‰~17.79‰。以初级消费者螺类作为基准生物估算出三峡库区干流鱼类平均营养级为2.67,范围为1.47~4.12。营养级大于4级的鱼类仅有1种,营养级位于2~3级之间的鱼类种类数最多,占种类总数的50.0%,其次是营养级大于3级的鱼类,占种类总数的31.6%,不同食性鱼类组合的营养级存在差异。库区干流鱼类营养级的时空差异均不显著,而越靠近大坝的江段食物链长度的季节性波动幅度越大。和水库蓄水运行初期相比,鱼类营养级显著升高且高营养级鱼类的群落结构和营养特征发生了一定程度的改变,特别是拥有较高营养级的短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)在库区干流逐渐扩张并成为优势种,其可能对库区干流鱼类营养结构产生影响。     

饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响

为探究饲料中棕榈酸/(二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸)(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼(Larmichthys crocea) [初始体重为(30.51±0.16) g]抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响,本研究以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,EPA富含油、DHA富含油、棕榈酸和卵磷脂为主要脂肪源,分别配制棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)比例分别为1∶5、1∶1和5∶1的3种等氮(约43%粗蛋白)、等脂(约11%粗脂肪)饲料,并分别命名为P0、P50和P100组,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验,从肌肉基本指标与分子基因层面探究饲料对大黄鱼抗氧化能力与肌肉品质的影响。结果显示,P0和P50组大黄鱼肌肉具有显著高的硬度、粘附性、内聚性和咀嚼性(P<0.05)。P0组大黄鱼肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于P50和P100组(P<0.05);P100组肌肉饱和脂肪酸显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05)。P100组大黄鱼肌肉超氧化物歧化酶2基因(SOD2)和过氧化氢酶基因(CAT)表达水平显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05);P0组肌肉核因子E2相关因子基因(Nrf2)表达水平则显著高于P50组(P<0.05),P100和P0组、P100和P50组间相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于超氧化物歧化酶1基因(SOD1),P0、P50和P100组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。P50组大黄鱼肌肉的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于P0和P100组(P<0.05),P0、P50和P100组大黄鱼肌肉的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中棕榈酸含量较高时,大黄鱼肌肉质构特性降低,抗氧化能力没有受到显著影响;在饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)值发生改变时,大黄鱼肌肉品质的变化与鱼体内氧化应激和抗氧化能力之间的关联仍需进一步探究。     

凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段肠道可培养细菌耐药性研究

在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖过程中多使用微生态制剂来调节水质,为避免破坏池塘菌群结构,很少使用抗生素.为了解凡纳滨对虾肠道细菌耐药性与不同生长阶段的关系,本研究选取江苏地区4种主要养殖模式凡纳滨对虾成虾和虾苗作为研究对象,利用K-B纸片法和qRT-PCR技术,研究对虾样本肠道可培养细菌对...     

Basic fibroblast growth factor promoting the healing of palatal perforation in rats

AIM: To study the influence of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on treating ed palatal perforation in rats. METHODS: bFGF was given to the early palatal perforation in rat. The granulation tissues in perforations were grossly and pathologically obserVed. RESULTS: The the of wound healing was significantly in- crease in the bFGF group (P<0.01 ). bFGF could obviously promote the proliferation of the granulation tissues and fibroblasts. The number of AgNORs granules in fibrablasts were 3.73 ±0.52 in the buy group and 2.11 ±0.31 in control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: bFGF could promote the growth of granulation tissues and had a strong promotion on the wound healing in palatal perforation. It was helpful in repairing palatal perforation.     

Effect of nitric oxide in ocular inflammatory response after intraocular lens implantation

AIM: To investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) in ocular inflammation after intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: All New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: 1. control group, 2. L-arginine (L-Arg) group, 3. N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) group. Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation (IOL) were operated in all animals of each groups. The inflammatory response of all rabbit eyes, including cornea edema and anterior chamber exudation were investigated 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days afteroperation. Meanwhile, aqueous humor was drawn for white blood cell (WBC) counting and classifying, as well as for NO₂^-/NO₃^- measurement. RESULTS:NO₂^-/NO₃^- contents, total WBC and anterior chamber exudation in aqueous humor of L-Arg group were higher than that in control group. While that of L-NNA group were lower than that in control group.CONCLUSION:NO plays a role in intraocular inflammatory response after intraocular lens implantation. L-NNA, a nitric oxide synthase exhibitor, decreased NO contents, therefore it may reduce intraocular inflammatory response after intraocular lens implantation.     

Study on the variation of trace elements and oxidative stress in diaphragm of the diabetic rats

AIM:To investigate the relationship between trace elements and oxidative stress in diabetic diaphragm. METHODS: Contents of copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),cobalt(Co),molybdenum(Mo) and lithium(Li) in the alloxan-induced diabetic rat diaphragm muscles were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, andtheir superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) contents were detected. RESULTS: The contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Li were lower and the Fe and Cd were higher in diabetic rat diaphragm muscles than that of the control group, but there were no significant differences in Mn, Co and Mo, between control and diabetic group. SOD activities decreased significantly and MDA contents increased significantly in diaphragm of diabetic rats as compared with the control group.In addition,in diabetic rats diaphragm, there was a positive correlation between Zn and SOD, and negative correlation between Zn and MDA, and Cd and SOD. CONCLUSION: Changes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, Li and the increase of oxidative stress in diaphragm were found in the early diabetes, and Zn, Cd play an importment role in oxidative stress of diabetic diaphragm.     

土壤风蚀影响因子分布规律研究的最大熵方法

土壤风蚀是一个综合的自然地理过程,包括气候、植被、土壤、地形地貌等多种因子。作为随机变量的风蚀因子,其分布规律直接或间接地影响着风沙的运动规律,一方面导致土壤风蚀程度及方向的变化,另一方面变量之间的非线性相互作用的结果导致风沙流的混沌特性。为此把影响风沙运动规律的各因子作为研究对象,应用最大熵原理与遗传算法相结合的方法,建立了风蚀影响因子概率密度函数模型,采用Matlab语言编制了相应的计算程序,并以阴山北部农牧交错带为例对所建模型的合理性和可行性进行了验证。结果表明,风蚀影响因子的熵概率密度函数不仅合理可行而且具有较高的精度。     

西南山地玉米育种新一轮骨干自交系SCML0849的选育与应用

20世纪末,针对西南区21世纪初及可见将来对玉米品种与产业发展的迫切要求,遵循“生态育种”的基本原理,并基于前期“温带种质优良自交系是选育西南玉米强优势杂交种的最重要亲本自交系”的研究结论,定向合成了“REID种质育种用群体”。通过紧密结合常规遗传育种方法与现代分子生物学技术,集成创新了以“配合力早期测定、目标区域与高密度种植鉴定、南北穿梭鉴定选择与钝化光周期反应、区域抗病抗逆特性一票否决”为主要内容的“特定生态区域育种骨干亲本的定向培育”技术体系,提高了优良自交系的选育效率,育成了集高配合力、高抗西南地区玉米病害与多种抗逆性、高产高效等优良性状于一体的玉米优良自交系SCML0849,组配育成了以川单99为代表的一批稳产高产、高抗多抗、资源高效的玉米强优势杂交种并大面积推广应用。     

日光温室番茄植株与环境传热研究

为了解植物体温度变化的原因,用热电偶测温仪和Li-cor的自动气象站测定日光温室番茄茎内和果实内部瞬态传导传热量的日变化规律,分析了茎内部传导传热量的趋势。测定了茎气温差,并根据生物传热学理论,估算了番茄植株与空气间的对流热交换量。结果表明,果实表面与中心存在温差,且有明显的日变化。果实瞬态传导传热量最大值为1.29 W,相当于晴天中午温室内太阳辐射的0.2%。不同天气条件下植株与环境对流传热有相同的日变化趋势,但白天与夜间不同。夜间失热,揭苫后失热增大,并持续到整个上午,10∶30失热量最大,达到-18.9 W/m²。下午至傍晚对流传热为得到热量,13∶30时最高,达到34.9 W/m²,这时正是一天中最高气温发生的时间。阴天对流传热日变化幅度明显减少。多云天气介于晴天与阴天的变幅之间,波动较明显。植株与环境间对流传热量比植株内部传导传热量大。     

农业数字信息资源整合与共享

数字图书馆的建设是要拥有优质的数字信息资源,让每个人在任何时间、任何地点都能方便快捷地获取其所需要的知识资源,提高信息资源的利用效率。数字信息资源整合是期望利用先进的整合理论与思想,以及计算机技术、网络技术和数据库处理技术等先进的现代技术将数字化资源进行优化组合、聚类和重组,重新结合为一个新的有机整体,形成一个效能更好、效率更高的新的数字资源体系,高效率发挥各类资源的作用。