罗源湾夏季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布

分析研究了2009年7月福建罗源湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定19种鱼类的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,隶属于13科。其中,鱼卵10种、仔稚鱼14种。夏季,罗源湾水平拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为1.80 ind/m3和0.54 ind/m3;垂直拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为4.11 ind/m3和2.63 ind/m3。鱼卵、仔稚鱼以鳀科数量最多,优势种类为中颌棱鳀(Thrissa mystax)和康氏小公鱼(Stolephoruscommersonli)。与历史资料相比,不但种类数减少,且优势种由多科鱼类并存向鳀科鱼类为主转变。夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼主要分布在罗源湾中北部海域及湾口附近。     

拖网渔船船-机-桨-网匹配研究

在拖网渔船的设计中,需要重点考虑螺旋桨与船-机的匹配、渔具与船-机-桨的匹配,实现推进系统的高效能发挥。本文引入时间概率的最佳螺旋桨参数优化确定方法,考虑拖网渔船设计的限制条件,通过优化分析,达到运营工况综合效能最佳,实现螺旋桨与船-机的合理匹配。从拖网渔船数据库中选取30艘运营状况优良的渔船进行有效拖力计算,建立拖网渔船有效拖力与主机功率和拖速的多元非线性回归方程,依据此方程得出的有效拖力结果选择网具和网板,实现有效拖力与渔具的合理匹配,最终实现渔具与船-机-桨的合理匹配。通过实船计算对比,验证了回归的有效拖力估算公式误差范围和适用性。研究表明:在拖网渔船设计初期,可以利用该公式估算有效拖力进行网具和网板的匹配,实现技术经济优化论证,最终实现船-机-桨-网的优化匹配。     

活品流通过程中虾夷扇贝风味品质的变化

为探索采捕后活品贝类品质的变化规律及评价体系,本研究以活品底播虾夷扇贝为研究对象,针对其闭壳肌的感官及理化特性,系统探讨了在活品流通过程中的风味品质变化规律.根据产业现有的流通模式,建立湿运和干运2条模拟流通链进行为期7d的跟踪研究,通过感官及理化分析监测其风味品质的变化情况;感官监测的指标包含气味、滋味、后味、质地及色泽等5个方面,理化分析包括游离氨基酸、核苷酸关联物、糖原、状态指数CI、剪切力以及蒸煮损失率等指标;针对分析检测结果,首先采用主成分分析方法(PCA)分析风味特征的变化规律,再通过偏最小二乘法(PLS2)对感官和理化二者间的相关性进行分析.研究结果发现,流通链初期,采捕后的剧烈胁迫导致风味品质短暂下降,感官分析出现了苦味、酸味等非愉悦描述词;流通链中期,逐渐适应并处于比较稳定的净化环境条件,风味品质得到恢复,风味特征主要体现在甜味、鲜味、海鲜味等愉悦描述词方面;流通链后期,苦味及酸味等非愉悦描述词再次出现.理化指标的分析结果表明,活品流通过程中扇贝的生命状态整体上呈下降趋势.对比干运与湿运,无论是感官品质还是生命状态,均发现干运在较短期运输(≤2d)时优于湿运,湿运则在较长运输期(≥3 d)时显现出一定优势.感官与理化的相关性分析结果表明,二者之间有关联的特征指标分别为,感官特征的甜(T-ST)、鲜(AT-UM)和奶香(O-DR),理化指标的Gly、Glu、Arg、ATP、AEC及CI,这些指标能够较客观地反映采捕后虾夷扇贝活品流通过程中的风味品质差异,可为建立活品贝类流通过程的品质评价体系提供参考.     

Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae induces IL-8 expression in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner

AIM:To investigate the key molecular mechanism of inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). METHODS: A549 cells were co-cultured with NTHi (multiplicity of infection, MOI: 10) and harvested 15 min and 30 min after stimulation. The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in A549 cells was detected by Western blotting. The intracellular expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was examined by flow cytometry 4 h after stimulation. A549 cells were preincubated with p38 inhibitor (SB203580) or NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) for 1 h and then stimulated with NTHi for 24 h. The level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in the supernatants was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was rapidly induced by NTHi stimulation. The expression of NF-κB p65 in A549 cells after NTHi stimulation was significantly up-regulated compared with control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-8 in the supernatants was increased 24 h after bacterial stimulation compared with control group (P<0.05). Blockage of p38 MAPK or NF-κB remarkably decreased IL-8 secretion in A549 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:NTHi induces inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells in a p38 MAPK and NF-κB dependent manner.     

Asymmetric dimethylarginine protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxic damage

AIM: To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethylaoyoinine (ADMA) on glutamate-induced PC12 cell damage and its mechanisms. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glutamate as an in vitro excitotoxic trauma model. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Glutamate cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dihydrorhodamine123 (DHR) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production were detected by using commercial kits with a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Glutamate at concentrations of 1 mmol/L to 6 mmol/L dose-dependently decreased PC12 cell viability. Pretreatment 30 min with ADMA prior to administration of glutamate significantly attenuated the inhibition of cell viability, LDH release and ROS accumulation induced by glutamate. Pretreatment with ADMA significantly inhibited the increases in NOS activity and NO production caused by glutamate. CONCLUSION: ADMA obviously protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting NOS activity, overproduction of NO and accumulation of intracellular ROS.     

大白菜根肿病主要生理小种种群分化鉴定初报

采用Williams法的4个鉴别寄主（Jersey Queen、Badger Shipper、Laurentian 、Wilhelmsburger）,对采自国内15个大白菜根肿病主要发病区域的病原菌进行了生理小种种群的鉴定。结果表明：辽宁沈阳新民大民屯、辽宁沈阳西窑、辽宁大连水师营、辽宁丹东振安,山东青岛农业科学院、山东苍山小林村,云南江川,四川郫县,吉林乌拉街东窑村、吉林乌拉街旧街村、吉林梨树镇11个地区的根肿病菌为4号生理小种;辽宁本溪桓仁的根肿病菌为2号生理小种;四川彭州地区的根肿病菌为7号生理小种;四川西昌地区的根肿病菌为10号生理小种;辽宁沈阳农业大学根肿病菌为11号生理小种。     

秀珍菇生物富硒及富集水平

比较了不同采集地秀珍菇(Pleurotus geesteranus)子实体中硒含量、不同秀珍菇菌株对亚硒酸钠耐受能力和转化率,筛选富硒菌株与亚硒酸钠的最佳添加水平.结果表明,不同来源的子实体中硒含量存在差异;菌株XJ-1的耐硒能力与硒吸收转化率最高;液体培养XJ-1时,菌丝对亚硒酸钠的生理耐受敏感临界区间为3.0～5.0 μg/100 mL,亚硒酸钠添加水平在1.5～3.0 μg/mL时,菌丝对硒的转化水平最高.     

不同大气压下直喷式柴油机的性能研究

在大气模拟试验台架上对运行在不同大气压下的直喷式柴油机的经济性、动力性、烟度及噪声特性进行对比试验研究与分析。试验结果表明:随着大气压力的减少,柴油机有效燃油消耗率、小时燃油消耗量、排气温度、烟度及噪声声功率增加,动力性下降。     

液压悬置元件的动特性分析与研究

以某车动力总成液压悬置为研究对象,应用键合图理论的方法建立其动力学分析模型,并运用Matlab/S imu link软件对其动特性进行了仿真计算。仿真结果与台架试验结果基本吻合,验证了该模型的适用性和可信性,为该元件进一步的研究和开发奠定了基础。     

模糊综合评价方法在区域水资源承载力研究中的应用

区域水资源承载力是进行区域生态建设和确定社会经济发展规划的基础.介绍了基于模糊数学理论的区域水资源承栽力评价方法,选取了人均水资源量、供水工程调控能力、水质达标率和过境水利用潜力等4个主要支持性指标和人口密度、城镇人口比例、水资源利用率、人均GDP、人均需水量和生态用水比例等6个主要压力性指标,以浙江省杭州市为例进行计算与分析.