百例牛剖腹产手术的经验及技术探讨

难产是牛常见的产科病之一，奶牛发病明显高于黄牛。难产发生以后，经过各种办法难以从阴道产出犊牛，就应果断的，不失时机的施行剖腹产手术，从而有效的救治牛只。如能慎重果断的选择病例，早期进行手术，加上熟练的技术，成功率是很高的。     

猪原始生殖嵴细胞(PGCs)建系因素的研究

从五指山猪(WSZP)近交系第8～13代培育群中，先后选用21头5～10月龄青年母猪，分别于授精后25～30d采集胎儿106个，进行原始生殖嵴(PGCs)细胞分离、培养等建系技术研究。以DMEM F10(1:1)为基础培养液，按添加或不添加生长因子，将培养液分为A、B、C3种，并以STO细胞作饲养层，在38℃、5.0％CO2和湿润的气相中进行培养建系。结果获得胚胎生殖嵴细胞(EG)细胞系6个细胞株，其中1个EG细胞株传至11代、2个传至5代、1个传至4代、2个传至3代冻存。并进行了AKP染色、体外分化、冷冻-解冻复苏和嵌合体制作等鉴定研究。研究发现：不同胚龄对EG细胞建系具有一定影响，不同培养液对EG细胞建系效果不同，STO细胞饲养层的质量是建株、传代、冷冻-解冻复苏的关键因素之一。EG细胞系的初步建立，为今后筛选进入种系的EG细胞系、实施体外基因操作提供了可能。     

微卫星DNA在动物亲子鉴定中的应用及研究进展

本文概述了微卫星DNA进行亲子鉴定的基本原理与方法,将其用于亲子鉴定的优点以及研究进展,最后对未来的应用进行了展望。     

华北农牧交错带退化草地土壤种子库动态变化

对华北农牧交错带不同退化演替阶段土壤种子库的数量和物种组成及与地上植被的关系进行了初步的研究,结果表明:农牧交错带草地在刈割和放牧等干扰下,发生逆行演替,土壤种子库中植物种类及种子数量呈递减的趋势,轻度退化类型土壤种子库物种组成最高,有23种植物,种子数量最多,有4 303粒,禾本科所占比例较大,为32.3%;而极度退化草地物种组成最低,有14种植物,种子数量仅有1 156粒,禾本科只占8.4%.草地逆行演替过程中植被与土壤种子库在物种组成上存在一定差别,中度退化阶段差别最大,有18种植物未在种子库中出现,极度退化阶段差别最小,有2种未在种子库中出现.     

庆祝中国饲料工业协会成立20周年暨第五次全国会员代表大会在北京人民大会堂隆重举行借来东风促发展回良玉同志发来贺信李蒙杨汝岱同志出席开幕式

[本刊讯]深秋的北京,天高云淡,阳光融融.11月5日,北京人民大会堂热气腾腾,喜气洋洋.由中国饲料工业协会举办的“庆祝中国饲料工业协会成立20周年暨第五次全国会员代表大会”在这里隆重召开.……     

小肽对鲤鱼免疫力的影响

选用1 80尾体质量相近、健康的成鲤作饲养试验,随机分成4组,设对照组1个,试验组3个(日粮中分别添加0 .3 %、0 .6 %、1 .0 %的小肽)。试验结束后,观察在基础日粮中添加不同量的小肽对成鲤血液生理生化指标及脏体器官的影响,以探讨小肽对鲤鱼免疫力的影响。结果表明,1 )试验组成鲤血清中的免疫球蛋白(IgM)和补体(C4)的浓度均高于对照组(P <0 .0 5) ,其中1 .0 %小肽组的IgM和C4分别为450 .81mg/L和1 7.69mg/L ,比对照组提高1 4 .6 %和95 .7%,补体(C3 )差异不显著(P >0 .0 5) ;尿素氮(BUN)含量比对照组低(P <0 .0 5) ,尤其是1 .0 %小肽组比对照组降低2 7.9%;2 )试验组成鲤的内脏比、肝体比和脾体比均比对照组提高,但差异不显著(P >0 .0 5) ,随着饵料中小肽用量的增加肾体比也逐渐提高,1 .0 %小肽组的肾体比比对照组提高56.3 %(P <0 .0 5)。     

四倍体鸭茅产量及其构成因素的QTL定位

产量相关性状是复杂的数量性状,对鸭茅的单株产量及构成因素进行QTL分析,可提高育种中对产量性状优良基因选择的效率,同时为鸭茅遗传改良、基因克隆及分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。以四倍体鸭茅“楷模”和“01436”为亲本杂交而成的作图群体为试验材料,于2014年对洪雅、宝兴两个不同生境下鸭茅株高、旗叶长、倒二叶长、旗叶宽、倒二叶宽、茎粗、花序长、分蘖数、单株干重等9个产量相关性状进行了表型鉴定及相关性分析。此外,在已构建的高密度鸭茅分子遗传图谱的基础上,采用MapQTL 5.0进一步对这些性状QTL定位分析。结果表明,绝大多数性状在亲本间呈显著差异且都整体表现出连续变异,符合数量性状遗传的特征;相关性分析表明,大多数产量相关性状均与干重极显著正相关,与单株干重相关性最好的依次为分蘖、株高;QTL分析发现,控制该9个农艺性状的QTL共60个,洪雅38个,宝兴22个,这些QTL分别定位于分子连锁图谱的1、2、3、4、5共5个连锁群上,单个QTL的贡献率为5.7%~24.7%,单个性状QTL个数为2~15个。其中,控制株高、花序长的QTL各12个,控制倒二叶长、茎粗的QTL各4个,控制旗叶宽、倒二叶宽的QTL各2个,控制单株干重的QTL有6个,影响分蘖的QTL为3个,与旗叶长相关的QTL最多15个。     

Effects of five cryoprotectants on proliferation and differentiation‐related gene expression of frozen‐thawed bovine calf testicular tissue

The cryopreservation of testicular tissue is a potential method for preserving male fertility. However, the effect of cryopreservation on bovine calf testicular tissue is scarce. This study investigated the effect of different cryoprotectants on bovine calf testicular tissue at the molecular level. Testicular tissue from ten immature bovine calves (6 months) was collected after slaughter and cryopreserved in an extender containing different concentrations of the following five cryopreservation solutions (CP): bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), trehalose with 5% DMSO, DMSO and glycerol and ethylene glycol (EG). After 7‐day cryopreservation, the expression levels of three spermatogonial stem cell (SSC)‐related genes, octamer‐4 (OCT4), KIT ligand (MGF/SCF) and kit oncogene (C‐KIT), were investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The cell viability was highest for the tissues preserved with 30 mg/ml BSA (77.82% ± 1.22) and 40 mg/ml trehalose (74.23% ± 1.16) compared with other groups (p < 0.05), and the level of expression of the three genes was highest with 30 mg/ml BSA (p < 0.05). Compared with other CPs, the 30 mg/ml BSA and 40 mg/ml trehalose have the better cryopreserve protection. The 30 mg/ml BSA is the most viable media for the cryopreservation of testicular tissue from cattle.     

欧盟国家非洲猪瘟流行情况及对我国防控工作的启示

非洲猪瘟(ASF)1957年首次扩散到欧洲,2014年再次从高加索地区传入,并迅速在波罗的海周边国家蔓延,至2018年4月已扩散至欧盟8个成员国,且逐渐呈现地方性流行态势。本文重点介绍了欧洲国家的ASF扩散史,综述了病毒在欧盟国家扩散的主要途径,梳理了欧盟的ASF防控法规和措施,并对我国ASF防控提出了建议,以期为ASF防控提供帮助。     

Effect of Luteolin on Blood Indexes,Liver and Kidney in Mice with Acute Mercury Poisoning

To study the effect of luteolin on blood indexes,liver and kidney in mice with acute mercury poisoning,28 mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group (intraperitoneal injection 0.9% saline),luteolin group (lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin),mercuric chloride group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercury chloride) and mercury chloride+luteolin group (intraperitoneal injection 4 mg/kg mercuric chloride,lavage 100 mg/kg luteolin).The activities of ALT in serum,AST,CREA and BUN contents,blood WBC,RBC,HGB content and GSH and MDA contents of liver tissue were detected.Morphological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the activities of ALT and AST of mercuric chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01),serum CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were obviously.Compared with mercuric chloride group,the activities of ALT,AST in serum,CREA,BUN,blood WBC and liver tissue MDA contents of mercuric chloride+luteolin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05),while blood RBC,HGB and liver tissue GSH contents were significantly elevated (P < 0.05).Liver,kidney pathological changes were attenuated obviously.The poisoning were characterized by inflammation and the occurrence of anemia when acute mercury poisoning occurred,liver and kidney showed different degrees of injury in mice.Luteolin could reduce the toxic effects of acute mercury poisoning on blood,liver and kidney.