集约化猪场长大母猪繁殖性状的相关分析

本文对1020头长大母猪,2107胎次的若干繁殖性状进行了统计分析。结果表明,母猪的不同胎次对产仔数、合格产仔数、平均个体初生重均有显著影响;3～7胎次的母猪繁殖性能比较稳定,明显优于其它胎次（P〈0．05）;夏季和早秋的高温对母猪受胎率的影响表现为受胎率下降、不合格仔猪发生率上升、平均个体初生重减小;母猪的乳头数与断奶头数、断奶个体重均呈显著的正相关;总产仔数、产活仔数与断奶个体重呈负相关。本研究将为改进规模化猪场的技术管理、确定母猪的利用年限、提高母猪生产水平和生产效益提供参考。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

施氮量对粮饲兼用玉米子粒产量和饲用品质的影响

2017~2018年以主推粮饲兼用玉米陕科9号品种为材料,设0、90、180、270和360 kg/hm² 5个氮肥水平进行大田试验,测定不同氮肥处理下叶面积指数、产量和饲用品质和氮肥利用率等性状指标,分析施氮量对玉米子粒产量、饲用品质和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,叶面积指数、SPAD值和生物量增加;子粒产量随施氮量的增加先增加后稳定,此时最佳施氮量为268 kg/hm²,产量增加64.4%。随着氮肥增加,氮肥农学效率呈先增加后降低,氮肥偏生产力降低。饲用品质分析显示,子粒蛋白质、淀粉和脂肪含量随着施氮量增加而增加,在氮肥270 kg/hm²处理下分别较不施氮处理增加2.4%、13.7%和22.5%;秸秆中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别减少20.4%和18.1%,秸秆粗蛋白和体外干物质消化率分别增加22.5%和17.6%。适当增施氮肥改善玉米群体质量,增加产量和氮肥利用率,提高饲用价值。陕北灌区粮饲兼用玉米生产实践中,推荐适宜施氮量为268 kg/hm²。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖性能研究进展

本文从三个方面综述了燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖性能研究进展。首先从食品血糖生成指数(glycemic index,GI)、餐后血糖、空腹血糖和α-淀粉酶活性等方面阐述了燕麦β-葡聚糖降血糖的功效,进而介绍了燕麦β-葡聚糖的结构因素——分子量和含量,以及食品加工过程对其降血糖功效的影响,最后综述了燕麦β-葡聚糖几种可能的降血糖机制,以期对后续研究提供参考。     

离子交换纤维对麦田土壤铅污染的修复效果

为探讨土壤Pb污染的治理方法,通过盆栽试验,比较了离子交换纤维的两种不同放置方式(分层放置与混匀放置)对麦田土壤Pb污染的修复效果。结果表明,在土壤1 000 mg·kg~(-1) Pb污染水平下,Pb污染处理(T1:Pb胁迫;T2:Pb+在土壤中分三层放置纤维;T3:Pb+在土壤中混匀剪碎的纤维)的土壤pH值、总有机碳含量较对照(CK:未添加Pb和离子交换纤维)有所降低。在小麦成熟期,T2、T3处理下土壤和植株各部位的Pb含量均低于T1处理,其中T3处理变化显著;T2、T3处理中纤维吸附的Pb含量则分别达到115.01和128.26 mg·kg~(-1)。T2、T3处理的Pb富集系数低于T1处理及CK。由此说明,离子交换纤维能够有效吸附土壤中的Pb,降低Pb从土壤向植株的转运能力,且离子交换纤维混匀放置方式的修复效果较好。     

Effects of platelet-rich plasma on chondrocyte apoptosis and NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway in rabbits with osteoarthritis

AIM To explore the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on rabbit osteoarthritis and its possible mechanism. METHODS The rabbits with knee osteoarthritis were prepared and then divided into model group, sodium hyaluronate (SH) group and PRP group, and another sham operation group was set up, with 6 rabbits in each group. The gross morphological changes of rabbit cartilage were observed. HE staining was used to evaluate the pathomorphological changes of the cartilage. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes. The expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β （IL-1β） signaling pathway-related molecules was observed by immunohistochemical staining, and the protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Chondrocytes were isolated and processed according to grouping, and the NLRP3 and IL-1β levels of the cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Compared with sham operation group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, chondrocyte apoptotic rate, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in model group were increased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax in SH group and PRP group were decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P<0.05). In PRP group, Pelletier score, Mankin score, the apoptotic rate of chondrocytes, the positive protein expression rates of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were lower than those in SH group, while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was higher than that in SH group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression of NL?RP3 and IL-1β in MCC950 (NLRP3 ihibitor) group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), the expression of NLRP3 in eucalyptol (IL-1β inhibitor) group was not significantly changed (P>0.05), and the expression of IL-1β was significantly reduced (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Platelet-rich plasma promotes the repair of cartilage in osteoarthritis rabbits, which has better effect than SH. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3/IL-1β pathway and the reduction of chondrocyte apoptosis.     

柠檬新品种‘黄绣球’

‘黄绣球’是从沃尔卡姆柠檬芽变培育而来的柠檬新品种。树姿呈开张状,春梢刺少且刺长度适中;嫩叶中间绿色,外缘淡红色;部分成熟叶外缘黄色,中间绿色。果实圆形且表面光滑,幼果果面呈黄绿相间带状条纹,转色期绿色部分变为橙色,果面橙黄相间,完全成熟后果面以黄色为主,留红色斑点。具有较高的观赏价值,适合制作盆景。     

重庆市不同规模灌区农灌水有效利用系数测算与对比研究

通过对重庆市不同规模灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数计算结果的比较研究,对出现的中型灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数大于小型灌区的结果进行合理性分析,并为重庆市农田灌溉用水有效利用系数的进一步提高,提出相关建议,为政府相关部门的科学决策提供参考.综合考虑重庆的地形、气候、土壤等因素.根据选定灌区的实测数据,采用首尾测算法计算2017年重庆市不同规模灌溉农田灌溉水的有效利用系数,采用单因素和主成分分析法,分析影响农田灌溉水有效灌溉系数的主要因素. 1)通过测算, 2017年重庆市中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数为0.499,小型灌区为0.487,推算全市为0.495; 2)在影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主要因素中,当地的节水工程和管理状况所占的比例大于自然因素; 3)中型灌区在节水工程的投资、管理和维护等方面均优于小型灌区; 4)自然因素中,降水量对农田灌溉水有效利用系数具有一定的负面影响.     

家兔中microRNA的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码单链RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA配对以指导其功能表达,在动物中扮演着重要的基因调节作用。研究表明,miRNA广泛参与调节动物的生长发育、生殖调控、新陈代谢和疾病发生等生命过程。本文综述了miRNA在家兔中的研究,例如促进肌肉细胞增殖分化、调节脂肪代谢和影响疾病发生等,探讨miRNA在家兔中的研究现状和发展方向,旨在为家兔遗传育种与繁殖提供理论依据。