The Effect of 360° Gastric Volvulus on the Blood Supply of the Nondistended Normal Dog Stomach

Eighteen dogs were divided into three groups, each containing three volvulus and three control dogs. The stomachs of the volvulus dogs were rotated 360°, sutured in position, and kept decompressed by a Foley catheter placed in the fundus. Control dogs underwent the same manipulation, except that the stomach was replaced to normal position. One dog in each group was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 hours. Evaluation consisted of SC⁴⁶ microsphere injection to determine percent cardiac output to various stomach regions, and gross and microscopic changes in the stomach and other tissues drained by the portal system. Cardiac output to the control stomachs exceeded the volvulus stomachs by fivefold. Time was not a significant factor. Edema was present throughout the volvulus stomach. The most severe histologic changes, such as hemorrhage, were seen in the greater curvature of volvulus stomachs. Other portal tissues were grossly and histologically normal. Three additional dogs were evaluated 1 week after creation and reduction of a 12 hour volvulus; the stomachs were normal indicating reversibility of pathologic changes. This study demonstrates abnormal blood flow in rotated nondistended stomachs. Anatomic repositioning should take place as soon as possible in the treatment of gastric dilation volvulus.     

A Spontaneously Regressing Pseudolymphoma in a Dog Resembling Pseudo-Hodgkin's Disease

Abstract— A case report of a dog with a lymphohistiocytic proliferative disorder of the skin, third eyelids and lymph nodes is presented. Skin biopsies showed a nodular to diffuse cellular proliferation of lymphohistiocytic cells with many cytological features of malignancy. Numerous Reed-Sternberg cells were present. The pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma with cytological features of Hodgkin's disease. The dog experienced a spontaneous remission which has lasted for over three years. Résumé— Le cas clinique d'un chien présentant un désordre prolifératif lymphohistiocytaire de la peau, des troisièmes paupières et des ganglions lymphatiques est présenté. Des biopsies de peau ont motré une prolifération de nature nodulaire à diffuse des cellules lymphohistiocytaires avec plusieurs caractères cytologiques de malignité. De nombreuses cellules de Reed-Sternberg étaient présentes. Le diagnostic histologique était celui d'un lymphome malin avec des signes cytologiques de maladie de Hodgkin. Le chien a presénté une rémission spontanée qui a duré plus de 3 ans. Zusammenfassung— Der Fallbericht eines Hundes mit einer lymphohistiozytären, proliferativen Erkrankung von Haut, Nickhäuten und Lymphknoten wird beschrieben. Die Untersuchung von Hautbiopsien erbrachte eine noduläre bis diffuse zelluläre Proliferation der lymphohistiozytären Zellen mit zahlreichen zytologischen Anzeichen für maligne Veränderungen. Zahlreiche Reed-Sternberg-Zellen traten auf. Die pathologische Diagnose lautete “malignes Lymphom mit zytologischen Merkmalen der Hodgkinschen Erkrankung”. Es kam zu einer spontanen Remission, die sich über drei Jahre erstreckte. Resumen Se describe un caso de una enfermedad linfohistiocítica proliferativa que afectaba a la piel, al tercer párpado y a los ganglios linfáticos. Las biopsias cutáneas mostraron una proliferación nodular a difusa de células linfoides con características de malignidad. Se apreciaban numerosas células de Reed-Sternberg. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue linfoma maligno con características citológicas de enfermedad de Hodgkin. El perro sufrió una remisión espontánea que duró más de tres años.     

Taenia crassiceps Infection in the Woodchuck: A Retrospective Study of 13 Cases

Abstract— Large, fluctuant, fluid-filled subcutaneous masses containing hundreds of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci were detected in 13 woodchucks trapped in central New York and Maryland. The axillary region (7 of 13 animals) and adjacent lateral thoracic wall (4 of 13 animals) were most frequently affected. One animal had a focal parasitic granuloma in the lung and another had numerous cysticerci present within the hepatic parenchyma. Histologically, parasite sections were surrounded by varying degrees of fibrosis and mild scattered to coalescing lymphocytic aggregates were present in the adjacent subcutaneous tissues. There was minimal infiltration of subcutaneous lesions into the underlying musculature. Scanning electron microscopy of the parasites indicated the presence of numerous developing buds in the area of the posterior bladder. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated that cysticerci were covered with a dense coating of microtriches. Taenia crassiceps lesions were found in 13 (2.6 per cent) of 501 trapped woodchucks, and in none of 293 colony-born woodchucks. No relationship between Taenia crassiceps infection and woodchuck hepatitis virus infection could be established. Résumé— Des masses sous-cutanées volumineuses, fluctuantes, remplies de liquides, contenant des centaines de cysticerques de Taenia crassiceps furent découvertes chez 13 marmottes capturées au centre de l'Etat de New-York et dans le Maryland. La région axillaire (7 des 13 animaux) et la paroi thoracique latérale adjacente (4 des 13 animaux) étaient les plus fréquemment atteintes. Un animal avait un granulome parasitaire focal dans un poumon et un autre avaient de nombreux cysticerques dans le parenchyme hépatique. D'un point de vue histologique, les sections de parasite étaient entourées par une fibrose d'importance variable, et des aggrégats lymphocytaires modérés, dispersés ou coalescents, étaient présents dans les tissus sous-cutanés adjacents. Il y avait une infiltration minimale des lésions sous-cutanées dans les muscles sous-jacents. La microscopie électronique à balayage montra la présence de nombreux bourgeons en développement dans la zone postérieure de la vessie. La microscopie électronique à balayage et par transmission indiqua que les cysticerques étaient couverts par un enduit dense de microtriches. Des lésions dûes àTanenia crassiceps furent découvertes chez 2.6% (13 sur 501) des marmottes capturées, et 0% (0 sur 293) des marmottes nées en captivité. Aucune relation entre l'infestation par Taenia crassiceps et l'hépatite infectieuse virale de la marmotte ne put être établie. Zusammenfassung— Bei 13 im Zentrum von New York und Maryland gefangenen Waldmurmeltieren wurden große, fluktuierende, flüssigkeits-gefüllte subcutane Massen festgestellt, die Hunderte von Taenia crossiceps cysticerci enthielten. Am häufigsten waren der Axillarbereich (boi 7 von 13 Tieren) und die angrenzende seitliche Brustwand (bei 4 von 13 Tieren) betroffen. Ein Murmeltier hatte ein fokales parasitäres Granulom in der Lunge, ein anderes zahlreiche Cysticerci im Leberparenchym. Im histologischen Bild zeigten sich von verschieden starken Fibrosen umgebene Parasitenausschnitte und leicht verstreute bis konfluierende Lymphozytenaggregate im angrenzenden subcutanen Gewebe. Die darunterliegende Muskulatur wurde nur minimal von den subcutanen Läsionen infiltriert. Unter dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop zeigten die Parasiten zahlreiche sich entwickelnde Knospen im Bereich der hinteren Blase. Im Rasterelektronenmikroskop und im Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskop waren die Cysticeri mit einer dichten Schicht aus Mikrotrichen bedeckt. Taenia crassiceps-Läsionen wurden bei 2.6% (13 von 501) der gefangenen und bei 0% (0 von 293) der koloniegeborenen Waldmurmeltiere nachgewiesen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Taenia crassiceps - Infektion und einer Waldmurmeltier-Hepatitis-Virusinfektion konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Resumen En 13 marmotas capturados en Nueva York y en Maryland se detectaron masas subcutáneas de gran tamaño, llenas de líquido y que contenían cientos de cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps. Las zonas más afectadas fueron la región axilar (7 de 13 animales) y la pared torácica adyacente (4 de 13 animales). Un animal presentaba un granuloma parasitario focal en un pulmón y otro presentaba numerosos cisticercos en el parénquima hepático. Histológicamente, los parásitos aparecían rodeados por una reacción fibrosa de diferente intensidad y en el tejido subcutáneo próximo se observaban agregados linfocitarios. La musculatura subyacente no aparecía afectada. Estudios de microscopía electrónica de transmisión y de barrido demostraron que los cisticercos estaben recubiertos por una densa capa de microtricos. Lesiones producidas par Taenia crassiceps se detectaron en el 2,6% (13 de 501) de los capturados y en el 0% (0 de 293) de los procedentes de un criadero. No se pudo demostrar relación alguna entre la infestación con Taenia crassiceps y la infección con el virus de la hepatitis de las marmotas.     

Epidermal Mast Cells in the Cat

Abstract— Mast cells were found in the surface epidermis and outer root sheath epithelium in 37 of 338 cats (11.6 per cent) with non-neoplastic skin disorders. Epidermal mast cells were most commonly found in the eosinophilic plaque and the eosinophilic granuloma. Thevast majority of dermatoses wherein epidermal mast cells were found were characterised by: (1) a presumed immune-mediated pathogenesis, and (2) tissue eosinophilias. Résumé— Des mastocytes ont été observés dans l'épiderme superficiel ainsi que dans l'épithélium folliculaire chez 37 chats parmi 338 (11,6%) atteints de dermatoses non néoplasiques. Les mastocytes épidermiques ont été le plus souvent trouvés dans la plaque éosinophilique et le granulome éosinophilique. La grande majorité des dermatoses présentant des mastocytes épidermiques était caractérisée par: (1) la présomption d'une pathogénie immunodépendante et (2) une éosinophilie tissulaire. Zusammenfassung— Mastzellen konnten in der oberflächlichen Epidermis und in den Epithelien der äußeren Wurzelscheide bei 37 von 338 untersuchten Katzen (11.6%) mit nicht-neoplastischen Plaques oder eosinophilem Granulom gefunden werden. Die überwiegende Zahl der Dermatosen, bei denen epidermale Mastzellen auftraten, war durch die beiden Kriterien 1) vermutlich immunvermittelte Pathogenese und 2) Gewebs-Eosionophilie charakterisiert. Resumen En el presente trabajo se describe la presencia de mastocitos en la epidermis superficial y en la vaina folicular externa de 37 gatos de 338 examinados (11,6%) ninguno de los gatos examinados padecia enfermedades neoplásicas. Los mastocitos epidérmicos fueron más frecuentes en animates que padecian placas eosinofilicas y granulomas eosinofilicos. La gran mayoría de las dermatosis en las cuales se detectan mastocitos epidérmicos cuales se se caracterizan por: 1. Una posible patogenia inmunomediada y 2. eosinofilia tisular.     

SULPHUR, CARBON, AND NITROGEN CONTENTS OF ORGANIC FRACTIONS FROM ACETYLACETONE EXTRACTS OF SOILS

Ultrasonic dispersion of acid-pretreated soils in aqueous acetylacetone at pH 8, and at a solvent: soil ratio of about 45: I, extracted from 61 to 97 per cent of the organic sulphur from five Scottish soils. Narrowing the ratio to about 9:1 reduced the proportion extracted but was more convenient for the subsequent isolation of the organic components. Gel permeation chromatography of the extracts yielded materials containing from 14 to 60 per cent of the soil organic sulphur. Most of the soils gave four distinct fractions which contained from 21 to 38 per cent carbon, 0.2 to 2.1 per cent nitrogen, and 0.1 to 0.8 per cent sulphur. There was no consistent similarity between corresponding fractions of the various soils. Considerable amounts of iron and aluminium were extracted, presumably incorporated in organic complexes. Since they were obtained under very mild conditions, the fractions should provide useful starting materials for qualitative investigations on the nature of soil organic sulphur.     

The effect of B-pyracin and the Lactobacillus casei factor upon hemoglobin regeneration following hemorrhage

In severe experimental hemorrhagic anemia in hens, the injection of beta-pyracin and Lactobacillus casei factor, alone and in combination, was found to hasten the regeneration of hemoglobin. When these factors were administered together, however, the rise in hemoglobin was much more rapid and the level reached was higher than in the lots administered the factors alone. The hemoglobin levels in the control lots rose above the "pre-bleeding" values and then began an almost immediate decline to approximately the original level. In the lots receiving beta-pyracin and Lactobacillus casei factor, alone or in combination, the hemoglobin levels also rose above the "pre-bleeding" values but were maintained for some time after injections were discontinued before declining to the original values.     

Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Personnel Attending a Veterinary Surgery Conference

Objective— To evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in veterinary personnel. Study Design— Cross‐sectional study. Sample Population— Conference attendees (n=341) at the 2008 American College of Veterinary Surgeons Symposium in San Diego California. Methods— Nasal swabs were collected and tested using selective culture for MRSA. Isolates were typed and risk factors were evaluated using questionnaire data. Results— 17.3% of subjects (17% veterinarians and 18% technicians) were MRSA positive. Colonized individuals originated from 5 different countries, predominantly the United States and Canada. Contact with small ruminants in the preceding 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 2.2), living with a person diagnosed with MRSA in the preceding year (OR 19.8) and working in a clinic where there is a specific person in charge of the infection control program (OR 2.2) were associated with colonization using multivariable analysis. Conclusion— The high rate of colonization identified here provides more evidence that MRSA exposure is likely an occupational risk for veterinary personnel. The equal rates in small animal and large animal personnel were surprising and contradict earlier studies indicating greater rates among equine personnel. The association of MRSA and small ruminant contact has not been reported previously. Clinical Relevance— MRSA is an important emerging pathogen in veterinary medicine and is a concern for both patients and veterinary personnel. The high colonization rate indicates the need to understand and control the spread of MRSA in veterinary clinics.