海北州草地蝗虫危害监测

海北州是草地蝗虫灾害频发的地区之一,每年的蝗虫危害面积广、密度高、危害严重。本文从蝗虫的发生数量、危害程度、损失状况等方面进行了详细的调查,并结合实际,对草原蝗虫的生态学特性进行了分析研究,为今后更好的开展草地虫害监测、提高预测预报准确率提供了依据。     

覆土和灌水对串叶松香草越冬率与产草量的影响

对冬季休眠的串叶松香草进行了覆土和灌水保护处理研究,结果表明:覆土和灌水对提高串叶松香草越冬率和产草量十分有效,其中冬前灌冻水和春季返青前灌返青水可以使串叶松香草的返青期较对照提前6d;冬前根际覆土和灌越冬水可以使越冬率提高47%以上,根蘖芽数增加2.1个,单株鲜草产量和干草产草量分别增加0.54kg和0.138kg。     

额济纳天然胡杨林土壤水分特征曲线研究

通过压力膜法实测土壤水分特征曲线,分析额济纳天然胡杨林3块典型林型的土壤持水特性.结果表明:土壤吸力与土壤含水量之间存在着显著的幂函数关系:0=aS-b;3种林型同一深度土壤含水量大小依次为:河漫滩胡杨成过熟林>无植被戈壁滩>胡杨青壮林,其中河漫滩胡杨成过熟林土壤含水量的变动幅度最大;3种林型不同土层土壤的持水性依次为:河漫滩胡杨成过熟林(60-80 cm)>河漫滩胡杨成过熟林(80-100 cm)>胡杨青壮林(80-100 cm)>无植被戈壁滩(60～80 cm)>无植被戈壁滩(80-100 cm)>胡杨青壮林(60一80 em).回归分析结果表明,该地区的土壤持水力不高,土壤含水率随水势降低而递减的速度较慢,河漫滩胡杨成、过熟林利用水分的能力最强.     

Involvement of Beet western yellows virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus, and Turnip mosaic virus in Internal Disorders of Stored White Cabbage

ABSTRACT Experiments over two growing seasons clearly showed that Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection was associated with internal necrosis (sunken necrotic spots 5 to 10 mm in diameter) and Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) infection was associated with collapse of leaf tissue at the margins (tipburn) in heads of stored white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Virtually no tipburn was seen in cv. Polinius, whereas cv. Impala was affected severely. Internal necrotic spots were seen in both cultivars. BWYV appeared to interact with TuMV. Plants infected with both viruses showed a lower incidence of external symptoms and had less internal necrosis than plants infected with TuMV alone. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) did not induce significant amounts of internal necrosis or tipburn, but did, in most cases, exacerbate symptoms caused by TuMV and BWYV. BWYV-induced tipburn worsened significantly during storage. Post-transplanting inoculation with TuMV induced more internal necrosis than pre-transplant inoculation. There was a significant association between detection of TuMV just prior to harvest and subsequent development of internal necrotic spots. Individually, all three viruses significantly reduced the yield of cv. Polinius, whereas only BWYV and CaMV treatments reduced the yield of cv. Impala.     

Effects of treating corn silage with alpha-amylase and(or) sorbic acid on beef cattle growth and carcass characteristics

The effects on beef cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics of feeding silages produced by altered fermentations were determined. Alpha-amylase was added at 0 or .05% (wet basis) and sorbic acid was added at 0 or .10% (wet basis) to chopped whole corn plants before ensiling in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For three successive years, 40 beef heifers (224 kg) were fed these silages for 80 d, finished on corn-and-cob meal (107 d) and slaughtered when backfat thickness over the 13th rib reached 12 mm. Silages treated with alpha-amylase had a slightly higher percentage of N-free extract (P less than .10). Silages treated with sorbic acid had lower percentages of ADFN (P less than .10). During the silage-feeding phase, heifers fed silages treated with alpha-amylase gained more (P less than .01) daily than heifers fed the other two silages (.84 vs .78 kg) and they were more efficient (P less than .01) in weight gain per unit of dry feed consumed (.149 vs .139 kg). During the finishing phase, heifers that previously had been fed the alpha-amylase-treated silage continued to have higher (P less than .05) ADG (.93 vs .87 kg), although all were fed the same diet during this period. Added sorbic acid had no effect on ADG in either period. The percentage of kidney fat in heifers on the alpha-amylase treatments was increased (P less than .02, 2.2 vs 2.0). The biological mechanisms associated with the beneficial results of alpha-amylase addition are not understood yet.     

Cardiac muscle mass distribution in the domestic turkey and relationship to electrocardiogram.

Ventricular weights were measured in 20-week-old male and female heavy turkeys, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded in 10- and 20-week-old male and female heavy turkeys. Twenty-week-old males had heavier relative left ventricular and total ventricular weights than females of the same age. Left-to-right ventricular weight ratios were 4.4:1 in males and 4.5:1 in females. Heart rate was faster in young birds and in females, and that influenced the duration of the intervals of the ECG. Wave amplitudes were smaller in 10-week-old turkeys than in 20-week-old turkeys. There was no correlation between electrocardiographic parameters and ventricular weights of male and female turkeys. Two-dimensional ECGs were therefore found to be of minimal value for detecting turkeys with heavier ventricles.