Cefquinome Concentrations in Endometrium after Intrauterine Treatment of Cobactan 4.5%® in Mares and Inflammatory Response of the Endometrium to this Treatment

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of cefquinome in the endometrium of mares after intrauterine treatment and to evaluate associated inflammation. Mares (n = 14) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) control (n = 4) were either not treated (n = 2) or received (n = 2) lactated Ringer's intrauterine for 1 or 3 days; (ii) treated mares (n = 10) received intrauterine cefquinome for 1 or 3 days. After at least 10 days had passed following the last treatment and ovulation, mares were given Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and were randomly assigned to an alternate treatment. Endometrial biopsy samples were taken at 2, 8, 24 and 48 h, or at 4, 12 and 36 h, after the last treatment. Biopsy samples were taken at the same time points from control mares (n = 2) and lactated Ringer-treated mares (n = 2). Cefquinome concentrations were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and inflammation was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections. Concentrations of cefquinome [559 (1 day) and 595 μg/g (3 days) at 2 h, and 403 (1 day) and 370 μg/g (3 days) at 4 h] were similar between treatment groups at 2 and 4 h after treatment (p > 0.05). At 8 h, as well as at 24 and 48 h, concentrations were greater in the 3-day group (17 vs 301 μg/g, 3 vs 80 μg/g and 0.1 vs 0.2 μg/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) in the inflammatory response at 2–48 h after treatment were found between groups.     

Comparison of acetate tape impression with squeezing versus skin scraping for the diagnosis of canine demodicosis

This study compared the sensitivity of acetate tape impression and skin squeezing with that of deep skin scraping for the diagnosis of demodicosis in dogs. Demodex canis was detected in 100% of acetate tape impressions obtained after skin squeezing and in 90% of deep skin scrapings. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between the techniques in the total number of mites detected. Acetate tape impression with skin squeezing was found to be more sensitive than deep skin scraping and is an alternative diagnostic method for canine demodicosis.     

Chemical composition and the nutritive quality of different wheat cultivars for broiler chickens

1. Different wheat cultivar samples were grown in replicated trials on a single site in three harvest years. A total of 23 wheat samples were harvested. Nutritionally complete, meal-form diets that included each wheat sample at 650 g/kg were used to compare broiler growth performance and determine apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The relationships were examined between these variables of nutritive value for broilers and the chemical composition and tests of quality on the wheat samples. 2. The total starch contents of the wheat samples ranged from 594 to 732 g/kg dry matter (DM). The mean total non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content was 100g/kg DM comprising 73.5 g/kg DM of insoluble material. Endosperm hardness ranged between 10 and 77 relative units and Beaver was the softest cultivar in two of the batches of samples. The AME of the wheat-based diets had a maximum range of 0.5 MJ/kg within each of the three batches of wheat that were tested. 3. Endosperm hardness of the wheat grains, within a harvest year, was positively correlated with broiler weight gain and the 1000-grain weight was negatively correlated with feed conversion efficiency (FCE). Starch content and gross energy were positively correlated with determined AME, and DM, 1000-grain weight and water holding capacity were negatively correlated with AME. 4. A step-wise regression technique indicated that endosperm hardness and ash content of the wheat were the explanatory variables that, within harvest years, significantly reduced the unexplained variation in broiler growth rate, feed intake and FCE. The contents of total starch, crude protein and ether extract were the explanatory variables that, within harvest years, significantly reduced the unexplained variation in AME.     

Constitutive expression of a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene from Stylosanthes humilis in transgenic tobacco leads to enhanced disease resistance but impaired plant growth

Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase cDNA (ShPAL), isolated from Stylosanthes humilis, under the control of the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus were produced to test the effect of high level PAL expression on disease resistance. The transgenic plants showed up to eight-fold PAL activity and were slowed in growth and flowering relative to non-transgenic controls which have segregated out the transgene. The expression of the ShPAL transgene and elevated PAL levels were correlated and stably inherited. In T₁ and T₂ tobacco plants with increased PAL activity, lesion expansion was significantly reduced by up to 55% on stems inoculated with the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae. Lesion area was significantly reduced by up to 50% on leaves inoculated with the fungal pathogen Cercospora nicotianae. This study provides further evidence that PAL has a role in plant defence.     

Clinical evaluation of protein electrophoresis of cerebral spinal fluid

Protein fractions of cerebral spinal fluid samples were analyzed in an effort to find a reliable, minimally invasive and cost effective method of diagnosing cervical vertebral myelopathy. There were six separate protein fractions analyzed by electrophoresis. In this study we specifically looked for a post beta spike in horses with spinal cord compression. There was no correlation in our study between horses with a post beta spike and CVM as diagnosed by a myelogram.     

不同年限玉米秸秆还田对土壤微生物多样性的影响

秸秆还田是培肥地力、改良土壤的重要措施。内蒙古高原向松辽平原过渡地带春玉米区,玉米长期连作导致了耕层变薄、土壤次生盐渍化等土壤退化问题。采用田间定位试验的方法,研究连续多年(8、5、2年)秸秆旋耕还田条件下对土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田土壤中最丰富的细菌类型为变形菌门(Proteobac-teria),其次为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);真菌类型为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。随着秸秆还田年限的增加,变形菌门和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度增加、放线菌门相对丰度下降,拟杆菌门相对丰度较稳定;子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门(Zygomycota)相对丰度先下降后上升,而球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)相对丰度变化规律相反;属水平上Sphingomonas、Lysobacter、Hannaella相对丰度先上升后下降,而Leptosphaeria和Mono-dictys相对丰度变化规律相反;Pseudarthrobacter、Fusarium相对丰度下降,Gaiella相对丰度较稳定;Guehomyces相对丰度增加;并且细菌和真菌相对丰度拐点均出现在秸秆还田5年后。随着秸秆还田年限的增加,土壤细菌和真菌多样性均有所降低;秸秆还田与秸秆不还田土壤的差异物种有Aquicella、Fusicolla和Spizellomyces;由此可推测,秸秆还田增加土壤氮和钾含量,减少病害;试验区连续多年的玉米秸秆还田改变了土壤微生物群落组成,玉米秸秆连续还田5年后土壤微生物多样性有下降趋势。     

预防组培中蓖麻子叶节玻璃化的研究

为了预防蓖麻子叶节在组织培养过程中的玻璃化现象,以建立其高效的遗传转化体系,本实验对影响子叶节生长状态的几个因素进行了初步研究。结果表明,在胚轴、子叶均为淡黄色的时期切取蓖麻子叶节,接种在1/8MS、内含10g/L琼脂粉、20g/L蔗糖、8.0mg/LZT、1.0mg/LNAA的培养基中进行培养,能有效地预防蓖麻子叶节玻璃化。     

蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

将600只鸡分成3组，每组200只鸡。分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组。对照组微量元素采用的饲料级无机盐；试验1组和试验2组分别添加60mg/kg，40mg/kg的羟基蛋氨酸螯合锌，以研究蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能影响。试验结果表明，以微量元素氨基酸螯合物代替无机盐可显著提高内用仔鸡的生长速度和饲料转化率，提高养殖的经济效益,且肉用仟鸡日粮中蛋氨酸螯舍锌添加量以每千克饲料中添加60mg的效果最好。     

米易县核桃产业发展的思考

在论述了米易县核桃产业发展现状的基础上,分析了米易县发展核桃产业的必要性和存在的问题,针时存在问题提出了相应的对策和建议：一是以核桃基地建设为重点,合理规划核桃种植;二是以科技为依托,强化技术支撑体系;三是引进龙头企业,带动核桃产、工、销一体化发展;四是拓宽核桃产业发展的融资渠道;五是建立苗圃基地,确保良种供应;六是制定一系列的优惠政策,促进核桃产业健康快速发展。