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41.
Okada M Mizuno W Nakarai R Matada T Yamawaki H Hara Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):879-884
The anticholinergic effects of 7 benzodiazepines, bromazepam, camazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam, medazepam and triazolam, were compared by examining their inhibitory effects on the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (I(K).(ACh)) in guinea-pig atrial myocytes. All of these benzodiazepines (0.3-300 μM) inhibited carbachol (1 μM)-induced I(K).(ACh) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ascending order of IC(50) values for carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh) was as follows; medazepam, diazepam, camazepam, triazolam, bromazepam, lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide (>300 μM). The compounds, except for bromazepam, also inhibited I(K).(ACh) activated by an intracellular loading of 100 μM guanosine 5'-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) in a concentration-dependent manner. The ascending order of IC(50) values for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh) was as follows; medazepam, diazepam, camazepam, lorazepam, triazolam chlordiazepoxide (>300 μM) and bromazepam (>300 μM). To clarify the molecular mechanism of the inhibition, IC(50) ratio, the ratio of IC(50) for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh) to carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh), was calculated. The IC(50) ratio for camazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, medazepam and triazolam was close to unity, while it for chlordiazepoxide could not be calculated. These compounds would act on the GTP binding protein and/or potassium channel to achieve the anticholinergic effects in atrial myocytes. In contrast, since the IC(50) ratio for bromazepam is presumably much higher than unity judging from the IC(50) values (104.0 ± 30.0 μM for carbachol-induced I(K).(ACh) and >300 μM for GTPγS-activated I(K).(ACh), it would act on the muscarinic receptor. In summary, benzodiazepines had the anticholinergic effects on atrial myocytes through inhibiting I(K).(ACh) by different molecular mechanisms. 相似文献
42.
Kang BJ Ryu HH Park SS Kim Y Woo HM Kim WH Kweon OK 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):827-836
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) are a promising source of cells for bone tissue engineering. Matrigel is a basement membrane extract containing multiple extracellular components. This mixture may promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and provide a more appropriate microenvironment for transplanted cells. Here, we investigated the effect of Matrigel on the osteogenic potential of Ad-MSCs. Canine Ad-MSCs were cultured in 2D and 3D matrices and implanted into subcutaneous pouches of dogs either with or without Matrigel. Culture mineralization, cell adhesion efficiency, cell proliferation, osteoid matrix production and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities were quantified and compared. Ad-MSCs grown in 2D cultures with Matrigel showed higher levels of calcium deposition and ALP activity than those grown in the absence of Matrigel under osteogenic conditions. In 3D cultures, the cells cultivated with Matrigel showed greater attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than those grown without Matrigel. In vivo, Ad-MSCs implanted with Matrigel showed higher osteogenic potential than those without Matrigel. In conclusion, these data suggest that the use of Matrigel can increase the osteogenic potential of canine Ad-MSCs. 相似文献
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44.
Choong-Min Ryu Beom Ryong Kang Song Hee Han Song Mi Cho Joseph W. Kloepper Anne J. Anderson Young Cheol Kim 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(4):383-390
The colonization of plant roots with certain rhizosphere bacteria promotes plant growth and induces long lasting systemic
protection against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. The role of the global regulator, GacS, in the rhizosphere colonist
Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 in stimulating growth promotion and induced resistance against Cucumber mosaic virus was examined in tobacco. Responses were compared in tobacco cvs Samsun and GX3. Root colonization of Samsun with wild-type
O6 and the gacS complemented mutant-elicited reduced viral symptoms and viral titre. On GX3, there was little affect on symptoms when roots
were colonized by the wild-type, gacS mutant or complemented mutant but colonization by both the wild-type and the gacS mutant lowered viral titre. Wild-type O6 and the gacS mutant caused plant growth to be maintained in both tobacco cultivars after viral infection, although the affect was stronger
with GX3 than Samsun. In contrast, although a chemical inducer, benzothiadiazole, reduced symptoms and viral titre in both
cultivars, plant growth was suppressed. Our results indicate rhizobacteria-elicited induced viral resistance without a negative
impact on growth but there was a differential response between cultivars. Detailed knowledge regarding the mechanisms inherent
to these differences between cultivars requires further investigation. 相似文献
45.
E. Ryu 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1965,29(3):75-78
The nutritive value of 8 kinds of animal's sera for the growth of Leptospires was studied by a screening method and compared with that of rabbit serum.
The sera of dairy cattle and goats were higher than rabbit serum in average growth number, and thus gave great value for the cultivation of Leptospires.
In eight kinds of animals other than dairy cattle, the growth promoting action of the pooled sera for Leptospires were lower than that of the individual sera of the same kind of animals.
The serum which is to be added to the medium for the cultivation of Leptospires should be tested by a screening test for the absence of growth inhibitory action against Leptospires, no matter from what kind of animal the serum originated.
相似文献46.
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48.
The nature and origin of turbulence and magnetic fields in the intergalactic space are important problems that are yet to be understood. We propose a scenario in which turbulent-flow motions are induced via the cascade of the vorticity generated at cosmological shocks during the formation of the large-scale structure. The turbulence in turn amplifies weak seed magnetic fields of any origin. Supercomputer simulations show that the turbulence is subsonic inside clusters and groups of galaxies, whereas it is transonic or mildly supersonic in filaments. Based on a turbulence dynamo model, we then estimated that the average magnetic field strength would be a few microgauss (microG) inside clusters and groups, approximately 0.1 muG around clusters and groups, and approximately 10 nanogauss in filaments. Our model presents a physical mechanism that transfers the gravitational energy to the turbulence and magnetic field energies in the large-scale structure of the universe. 相似文献
49.
Requirement of CD9 on the egg plasma membrane for fertilization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miyado K Yamada G Yamada S Hasuwa H Nakamura Y Ryu F Suzuki K Kosai K Inoue K Ogura A Okabe M Mekada E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5451):321-324
CD9 is an integral membrane protein associated with integrins and other membrane proteins. Mice lacking CD9 were produced by homologous recombination. Both male and female CD9-/- mice were born healthy and grew normally. However, the litter size from CD9-/- females was less than 2% of that of the wild type. In vitro fertilization experiments indicated that the cause of this infertility was due to the failure of sperm-egg fusion. When sperm were injected into oocytes with assisted microfertilization techniques, however, the fertilized eggs developed to term. These results indicate that CD9 has a crucial role in sperm-egg fusion. 相似文献
50.
Ryu JH Kim SH Lee HY Bai JY Nam YD Bae JW Lee DG Shin SC Ha EM Lee WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5864):777-782
Although commensalism with gut microbiota exists in all metazoans, the host factors that maintain this homeostatic relationship remain largely unknown. We show that the intestinal homeobox gene Caudal regulates the commensal-gut mutualism by repressing nuclear factor kappa B-dependent antimicrobial peptide genes. Inhibition of Caudal expression in flies via RNA interference led to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides, which in turn altered the commensal population within the intestine. In particular, the dominance of one gut microbe, Gluconobacter sp. strain EW707, eventually led to gut cell apoptosis and host mortality. However, restoration of a healthy microbiota community and normal host survival in the Caudal-RNAi flies was achieved by reintroduction of the Caudal gene. These results reveal that a specific genetic deficiency within a host can profoundly influence the gut commensal microbial community and host physiology. 相似文献