水淹胁迫下枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)幼苗叶片高光谱特征的研究

测量了3个水淹深度(对照、根部水淹、全淹)条件下枫杨叶片的高光谱反射率、红边参数及对应的叶绿素总含量,对归一化植被指数与叶绿素总含量进行了相关分析.结果表明:①在水淹胁迫下,枫杨叶片的高光谱反射率呈现下降的趋势,且在蓝光波段(400~500 nm)和近红外波段(760~950 nm)表现为极显著差异;②随着水淹程度的加深,枫杨叶片叶绿素含量显著下降(p<0.05);③红边特征的分析显示,随着水淹程度的加深,叶片光谱出现了蓝移的现象,红边斜率呈现下降的趋势;④叶绿素总含量与归一化植被指数(R705/R750)呈正相关,相关系数为0.86(p<0.01).经回归分析,叶绿素总含量与归一化植被指数呈线性关系(R2=0.80,n=42).认为枫杨叶片高光谱特征及归一化植被指数可较好地反映枫杨的叶绿素含量和水淹胁迫的程度.     

基于SRK和SCR序列的甘蓝自交不亲和系单倍型分析

采用RT-PCR和其他分子生物学方法,以甘蓝自交不亲和系E1和F1柱头cDNA为模板扩增SRKE1和SRKF1基因,以花药cDNA为模板扩增SCRE1和SCRF1基因.经序列比对首次证明E1和F1材料分别为S28和S7单倍型.经三维结构分析,预测SCRE1上C5-C6和C7-C8之间氨基酸序列决定SCRE1的单倍型特异性,SRKE1上TNNSFYSRLKVS序列决定了SRKE1的单倍型特异性,并对两者相对作用的关键氨基酸位点进行了分析.     

洞庭湖水系黄颡鱼的形态差异及染色体组型(英文)

[目的]研究洞庭湖水系黄颡鱼群体的形态特征和染色体组型。[方法]采用常规生物学形态测量及PHA和秋水仙素活体注射方法,分别对洞庭湖水系沅水和澧水的2个黄颡鱼群体进行形态学特征及染色体组型分析。[结果]沅水和澧水的黄颡鱼在体长/头长、体长/尾柄高、头长/吻长3个比例性状上存在显著差异(P<0.05),但它们的染色体数目及组型相同,其染色体数2n=52,核型公式为20M+12SM+10ST+10T,染色体臂数为84。[结论]研究结果对洞庭湖水系野生黄颡鱼资源的保护及开发利用具有一定的理论指导意义。     

不同改造方式对大兴安岭低质林土壤理化性质及重金属影响

对大兴安岭低质林进行带状和块状改造,分析不同方式改造后土壤理化性质及重金属的变化。结果表明:改造样地的土壤密度低于对照样地,而土壤含水率高于对照样地,土壤孔隙度也有所提高,林地土壤的物理性质得到了改善。各改造样地土壤pH值升高,土壤有机质质量分数在带宽较宽及面积较大的改造样地中更高;带状改造样地和中等采伐面积样地(225～400 m2)土壤全N质量分数高于对照样地;改造样地的土壤全P、全K以及水解N质量分数并没有得到改善;带状改造样地土壤有效P质量分数升高,块状改造样地土壤有效P质量分数下降;改造样地土壤速效K质量分数高于对照样地。样地S1、G4、G5土壤Cd质量分数高于对照样地,且与对照样地差异显著(P<0.05);各样地土壤Cu质量分数与对照样地差异不显著(P>0.05);各带状改造样地之间土壤Pb质量分数差异显著(P<0.05),样地S3土壤Pb质量分数最高。土壤Cd与Pb质量分数之间呈极显著正相关,土壤3种重金属质量分数与土壤总孔隙度正相关,与土壤有机质及水解N质量分数负相关。     

冀东冬小麦灌浆期与千粒重的关系

通过对195份冬小麦资源品种(系)的抽穗期、灌浆时间与千粒重的试验分析表明,冀东冬小麦的抽穗期主要在5月1日～5月14日之间,而5月7～5月13日是抽穗的高峰期,达到总量的80.4%;灌浆时间在35～45d之间,以37～41d的品种最多,占品种总数的88.2%.随抽穗期的推迟、灌浆期的缩短,千粒重呈显著下降趋势,相关系数分别为 r=-0.4365和r=0.8924.     

花生不同叶位叶片衰老差异的研究

在大田条件下，研究了高产花生品种鲁花11号和辐8707主茎不同叶位叶片衰老的差异。结果表明：花生主茎展开18片叶(饱果期)时，主茎叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、可溶性蛋白质含量(Pr)、超氧化物歧化酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐升高，顶3-6叶达最大值，向下逐渐降低。叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧(O2^-)释放速率随叶位的降低逐渐升高，顶6叶后开始迅速升高。花生主茎顶1-3叶属快速生长叶，顶4-6(7)叶属缓慢衰老叶，顶7(8)-10叶属迅速衰老叶。两品种间差异不大，辐8707叶片的衰老稍早于鲁花11号。     

Seminal plasma composition and its relationship with physical spermatological parameters of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) semen: with emphasis on sperm motility

In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14±5.23 mM L^?1 (Na⁺), 380.85±25.95 mM L^?1 (K⁺), 30.25±4.96 mg dL^?1 (Ca²⁺), 19.16±1.70 mEq L^?1 (Mg²⁺), 1.36±0.11 mg dL^?1 glucose, 0.37±0.08 g dL^?1 total protein, 12.02±1.18 mg dL^?1 cholesterol, 14.85±1.50 mg dL^?1 triglyceride and 43.5±9.56 mg dL^?1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44±1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60±1.55%, movement duration 67.68±4.32 s, density 15.43±0.72 × 10⁹ mL^?1, total density 337.43+45.86 × 10⁹ and pH 7.24±0.17. The Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r=?0.453, P>0.05 and r=?0.192, P>0.05) respectively. The K⁺ ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r=0.545, P>0.05). But a statistically significant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg²⁺ was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r=0.692, P<0.05 and r=0.680, P<0.05) respectively. A highly significant positive relationship was also found between Mg²⁺ and total protein (r=0.837, P<0.01). On the other hand, a significantly negative relationship was found between Ca²⁺ and triglyceride (r=?0.639, P<0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either artificial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm.     

山东、辽宁、河北苹果蠹蛾分布调查研究报告

苹果蠹蛾[Laspeyresia pomonella(L.)]是世界上为害苹果和梨的主要蛀果害虫,被许多国家和我国列为植物检疫对象。该虫在我国现仅分布于新疆。英联邦昆虫研究所(Common-wealth institute of entomology,C.I.E.)(1951,1976)根据陈方洁、王飞鹏(1936)及胡经甫(1938)的记述,将我国浙江(奉化)、河北、湖北、东北三省(辽宁、吉林、黑龙江)、北平(北京)及新疆等8个省、市、自治区划分为该虫分布区,从而严重影响我国苹果及梨的出口和外销。为了查清该虫在我国的分布情况,首先核对并纠正 C.I.E.制图所依据的上述两篇文章的错误,同时在张从仲等(1984—1985)在山东、辽宁等8省市大面积进行的苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测的基础上,于1991年4—10月在山东、辽宁、河北苹果和梨主要产区及出口基地继续进行苹果蠹蛾性诱剂监测、果园调查及剖果检查,结果均未发现苹果蠹蛾成虫或幼虫。到目前为止,此虫仍局限分布于我国新疆。     

Comparative immune responses to native cell envelope antigens and the hot sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble fraction (PG) of Brucella abortus in cattle and mice

Brucella abortus vaccines composed of native cell envelopes or outer membrane proteins of smooth strain 2308 were compared with a vaccine (PG) composed of the insoluble residue of strain 2308 cell envelopes which had been extracted with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate. Vaccines were given by injection in an oil base adjuvant containing trehalose dimycolate and muramyl dipeptide or without adjuvant. Mice vaccinated with 30 micrograms native cell envelopes or PG and challenged 4 weeks later with virulent B. abortus strain 2308 displayed equivalent levels of protective immunity at 1 and 4 weeks post-infection. Heifers were vaccinated with 5 mg of antigens in adjuvant; PG was also administered without adjuvant. Humoral and cell mediated immune (CMI) responses were tested at monthly intervals. PG without adjuvant induced negligible immune responses. Native cell envelope antigens induced significantly higher titers of whole cell agglutinins over a 3-month period than did PG, although revaccination with PG in adjuvant enhanced the production of agglutinins and both vaccines induced antibodies to the O polysaccharide. Lymphocyte blastogenesis responses and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to porin and group 3 proteins were stimulated by both native and PG vaccines, and the magnitude of the responses did not differ significantly between the treatment groups. These vaccines were therefore comparable in their capacity to induce protective immunity in mice and CMI responses in cattle, whereas antibody responses induced by PG in cattle were generally lower. These findings provide a basis for evaluation of nonliving B. abortus vaccines in cattle.