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31.
Application of ozone in grain processing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B.K. Tiwari C.S. Brennan T. Curran E. Gallagher P.J. Cullen C.P. O' Donnell 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
Ozone is an effective fumigant for insect killing, mycotoxin destruction and microbial inactivation which has a minimal or no effect on grain quality. Studies have demonstrated that ozone which is a natural agent, may offer unique advantages for grain processing along with addressing growing concerns over the use of harmful pesticides. This paper focuses on the efficacy of ozone for preservation of food grains and discusses the possible effects on product quality. Inactivation mechanisms for micro-organisms and mycotoxins are detailed. Critical intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing inactivation are discussed along with potential grain applications. 相似文献
32.
Purushottam Kaushik Dhirendra K. Singh S. Vinoth Kumar Ashok K. Tiwari Gunjan Shukla Shanker Dayal Pallav Chaudhuri 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(2):119-132
Brucella abortus, a gram negative, facultative intracellular pathogen causes brucellosis in many animal species and humans. Although live,
attenuated vaccines are available against this infection, they suffer from certain limitations. Therefore, the development
of an effective subunit vaccine against brucellosis is an area of intense research. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of
Brucella species have been extensively studied for its immunogenicity and protective ability. We have investigated the potential of
CpG ODN to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant 28 kDa outer membrane protein (rOMP28) of Brucella melitensis. The study demonstrated vigorous immunoglobulin G (IgG) response of OMP28. The administration of rOMP28 with CpG caused increased
cell mediated immune response in terms of induced IgG2a, T-cell proliferation and up-regulation of type I cytokine expression.
In contrast, the free antigen suppressed the interferon gamma (type I cytokine) production on in-vitro stimulation of spleenocytes.
The result indicates the role of OMP28 in the down regulation of IFN-γ production. Moreover, the B. abortus S-19 vaccinated mice showed highest production of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The protective ability of the antigen was evaluated by
systemic bacterial clearance after challenging the mouse with B. abortus 544 pathogen. The level of protection was significant in rOMP28+CpG treated mice but was lower than the required level. The
results of the present study indicate that rOMP28 could be an immunogen capable of inducing both humoral and cellular immune
response. The humoral response was biased towards Th1 type when it was co-administered with CpG. 相似文献
33.
J.A. VanLeeuwen J.P. Haddad I.R. Dohoo G.P. Keefe A. Tiwari H.M. Scott 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2010,93(2-3):129-138
Our objective was to determine cow- and herd-level risk factors associated with seropositivity for Neospora caninum in a large number of randomly selected Canadian dairy herds, controlling for important confounding variables and co-infections with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Serum samples were obtained from 30 randomly selected cows, where available, in 240 herds using monthly milk testing, within 6 of 10 provinces, and these samples were tested for antibodies against BLV, MAP and N. caninum using commercially available ELISA test kits. Five unvaccinated cattle >6 months old from each herd were tested for antibodies to BVDV using virus neutralization. Most herd-level predictors were obtained through personal interviews with questionnaires administrated to each farm manager. A mixed logistic-regression model was built using N. caninum serostatus at the cow-level as the outcome variable, with herd as a random effect and province as a fixed effect. A BLV seropositive cow was 1.50 times more likely to be seropositive for N. caninum than a BLV-seronegative cow, and this was the only cow-level variable to remain in the final model. Regarding herd-level variables, with “no on-farm dogs” as the baseline, “presence of dogs but not known to eat placentas and/or fetuses” increased the odds of seropositivity for N. caninum by a factor of 1.66. For “presence of dogs known to eat placentas and/or fetuses”, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.75, demonstrating a dose–response relationship. “Using embryo transfer” (OR = 0.69), “asking for a BVDV-negative test before introducing an animal” (OR = 0.30), “using monensin in dry cows” (OR = 0.71), and “heifers having nose-to-nose contact with calves” (OR = 0.73) were all dichotomous variables negatively associated with seropositivity for N. caninum. “Number of milk cows on the farm” (OR = 0.99), and “area (acres) used for forage production” (OR = 0.99) were continuous variables negatively associated with N. caninum seropositivity. 相似文献
34.
35.
Anhar Azwir Putri Dwi Hilda Advinda Linda Atika Veby Amimi Syovia Aldo Wahyu Ruchi Widya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2021,24(4):441-448
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - This study aims to elucidate the molecular characterization of Trichoderma strains isolated from rice soil rhizosphere from paddy cultivation in West... 相似文献
36.
37.
Neil A. Bryant Adam S. Rash Alana L. Woodward Elizabeth Medcalf Maud Helwegen Franziska Wohlfender Fatima Cruz Claudia Herrmann Kerstin Borchers Ashish Tiwari Thomas M. Chambers J. Richard Newton Jennifer A. Mumford Debra M. Elton 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,147(1-2):19-27
Like other influenza A viruses, equine influenza virus undergoes antigenic drift. It is therefore essential that surveillance is carried out to ensure that recommended strains for inclusion in vaccines are kept up to date. Here we report antigenic and genetic characterisation carried out on equine influenza virus strains isolated in North America and Europe over a 2-year period from 2008 to 2009. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from equines showing acute clinical signs and submitted to diagnostic laboratories for testing and virus isolation in eggs. The sequence of the HA1 portion of the viral haemagglutinin was determined for each strain. Where possible, sequence was determined directly from swab material as well as from virus isolated in eggs. In Europe, 20 viruses were isolated from 15 sporadic outbreaks and 5 viruses were isolated from North America. All of the European and North American viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage, with similarity to A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 (clade 1) or A/eq/Richmond/1/07 (clade 2). Antigenic characterisation by haemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that the two clades could be readily distinguished and there were also at least seven amino acid differences between them. The selection of vaccine strains for 2010 by the expert surveillance panel have taken these differences into account and it is now recommended that representatives of both Florida clade 1 and clade 2 are included in vaccines. 相似文献
38.
Kumar Ravinder Tiwari Rahul Kumar Jeevalatha Arjunan Siddappa Sundaresha Shah Mohd. Abas Sharma Sanjeev Sagar Vinay Kumar Manoj Chakrabarti Swarup Kumar 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(4):897-911
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Potato apical leaf curl disease (PALCD) caused by a unique bipartite virus [tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)] has emerged as a global threat.... 相似文献
39.
Kumar Rajesh Bhattacharjee Arthita Tiwari Shruti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,162(3):515-537
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Plant viruses are the most serious pathogens causing severe damage to crops worldwide. A variety of conventional strategies are currently being employed to... 相似文献
40.
Molecular genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with loaf volume in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Elangovan R. Rai B.B. Dholakia M.D. Lagu R. Tiwari R.K. Gupta V.S. Rao M.S. Rder V.S. Gupta 《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,47(3):587-598
Major efforts in wheat research are being made to improve the yield and quality of wheat. Loaf volume (Lv) is the main quality parameter deciding the bread making potential of wheat. To genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Lv, a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population (F8) was developed from a cross between two Indian wheat varieties “HI 977” and “HD 2329”. A total of 914 SSR and 100 ISSR primers were used for molecular analysis and the genetic map comprising 19 chromosomes was constructed with 202 SSR markers and 2 HMW glutenin subunit loci: Glu-B1 and Glu-D1. The phenotypic data were collected from six environments including three different agro-climatic zones for 2 consecutive years. Dissection of Lv through AMMI model revealed significant G×E variance for the trait. QTL analysis was performed using composite interval mapping. A total of 30 QTLs for Lv were detected and significant QTLs were identified on 6B and 6D chromosomes; 1B, 1D, 2A, 3A, 5B and 5D also contributed genetically to Lv. Association between 6B and 6D QTLs and variable expression of gliadins on group 6 chromosomes were discussed. QTLs detected in this study were compared with other QTL analysis in wheat. 相似文献