植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒研究进展

自毒作用是同种植物个体之间的一种化学作用,是植物经过长期适应环境和进化选择而获得的一种避免种内竞争的机制.针叶树是我国重要的用材树种,在对其长期的经营管理过程中发现:天然针叶林经常会出现生产力下降和天然更新障碍等问题.除轮伐期、采伐利用方式不当等原因外,针叶树凋落物和根分泌物长期向环境中释放大量次生代谢物质,而自然生态系统的排毒解毒机制受到人为干扰的影响,导致植物次生代谢物质的过量积累,进而产生了自毒作用,这也是许多作物连作障碍产生的原因.就自毒物质的种类、释放途径、作用特点、作用机理、检测方法、对生态系统的影响及针叶林自毒作用的研究现状等问题进行综述.认为对自毒作用研究的最终目的是要为解决困扰我们的各种生态环境问题提供切实可行的方案,尤其是在实现农林业可持续发展和自然资源与环境保护方面发挥作用.     

Structure of a novel diterpenoid ester,fritillahupehin from bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao and K.C. Hsia

A new diterpenoid ester, fritillahupehin (1) together with three known fatty acids: palmitic acid (2), lignoceric acid (3) and azelaic acid (4) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao and K.C. Hsia. The structure of fritillahupehin has been established to be ent-kauran-16beta-yl lignocerate by means of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Compounds 2-4 were isolated from Fritillaria sp. for the first time.     

低臭氧型负离子雾霾空气净化器设计

降低负离子空气净化器的臭氧排放量,保护人们免受臭氧的伤害,可以在传统净化器的基础上增加紫外线除臭氧和催化剂除臭氧。臭氧很不稳定,吸收254 nm波长的紫外线后,分解为氧气。高效臭氧分解催化剂能在室温下将臭氧分解为氧。普通负离子空气净化器会释放超标的臭氧,其浓度高达205 ppb,而加入除臭氧装置的新型净化器则释放的臭氧很少,使其浓度控制在19 ppb之内。低臭氧型负离子雾霾空气净化器能有效地清除自身产生的臭氧,性能更优,适合在室内使用。     

First Report of a Peroxiredoxin Homologue in Jellyfish: Molecular Cloning,Expression and Functional Characterization of CcPrx4 from Cyanea capillata

We first identified and characterized a novel peroxiredoxin (Prx), designated as CcPrx4, from the cDNA library of the tentacle of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. The full-length cDNA sequence of CcPrx4 consisted of 884 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a mature protein of 247 amino acids. It showed a significant homology to peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) with the highly conserved F-motif (⁹³FTFVCPTEI¹⁰¹), hydrophobic region (²¹⁷VCPAGW²²²), ¹⁴⁰GGLG¹⁴³ and ²³⁹YF²⁴⁰, indicating that it should be a new member of the Prx4 family. The deduced CcPrx4 protein had a calculated molecular mass of 27.2 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 6.3. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CcPrx4 mRNA could be detected in all the jellyfish tissues analyzed. CcPrx4 protein was cloned into the expression vector, pET-24a, and expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant CcPrx4 protein was purified by HisTrap High Performance chelating column chromatography and analyzed for its biological function. The results showed that the purified recombinant CcPrx4 protein manifested the ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide and protect supercoiled DNA from oxidative damage, suggesting that CcPrx4 protein may play an important role in protecting jellyfish from oxidative damage.     

《生物化学》教学方法探讨

生物化学是当前高校教育中的一门重要课程。该文结合生物化学课程的特点,认真分析了当前生物化学教学中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了改进生物化学教学工作的具体方法,为提高生物化学课程教学质量,增强教学效果起到重要作用。     

提高苏云金素合成纯度的发酵工艺的优化

苏云金芽胞杆菌中华亚种CT-43菌株(Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.chinensis)是高产苏云金素(简称Thu)的野生菌株.但在产生Thu时总伴随有其他代谢物(简称ZZ)的合成.而且ZZ很难与Thu分离开.本实验通过比较不同的培养基,得到G培养基能抑制菌株CT-43合成ZZ.然后利用分批补料发酵的方法,通过正交试验设计,进一步抑制ZZ的合成,并提高Thu在有机萃取物中的含量.得到优化后的发酵工艺是:菌株CT-43在G培养基中培养至第20 h,同时补柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖至终浓度分别为2.0 g/L和16 g/L,再继续发酵至第52 h.通过此发酵工艺制备的Thu峰面积占初提物总峰面积的74.84%,比用LB培养基发酵所得提取物的29.85%提高了两倍多.为得到高纯度的Thu和更深入的研究创造了条件.最后通过液质联用技术证实,发酵工艺优化后,菌株CT-43发酵上清液中主要物质是Thu,几乎检测不到ZZ,而且优化后的Thu分子量并没有改变.     

An integrated watershed modelling framework to explore the covariation between sediment connectivity and soil erosion

Quantitative identification of the covariation between sediment connectivity and soil erosion can contribute to provide the key information for watershed sediment management. However, this covariation and its spatiotemporal response mechanisms are still unclear, especially whether this covariation can be used as a basis for identifying critical source areas of sediment in large-scale ecological restored watersheds. In this study, an integrated methodology framework by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), index of connectivity (IC) and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was proposed to visually assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of erosion and sediment yield processes in the Yanhe Watershed with large-scale ecological restoration from 1985 to 2020 and to identify the covariation between sediment connectivity and erosion in subbasins. The soil erosion estimated by RUSLE has decreased by over 80% since 1985 owing to increased vegetation cover and the effective implementation of soil conservation measures, but the upper reaches still have high erosion intensity due to differences in specific controlling factors such as topographic conditions and land cover, requiring focused soil conservation practice. The IC results showed that as the vegetation restoration and soil conservation measures in the Yanhe Watershed varied from year to year, their spatial and temporal patterns had a strong influence on the distribution of sediment connectivity, and some local areas in the middle reaches showed local minima of IC in 1995, 1998 and 2010 mainly due to the implementation of long-term ecological restoration project. The developed IC-Erosion maps indicated that areas with high connectivity but low erosion accounted for over 60% of the total watershed area from 1985 to 1999, demonstrating a reverse correlation between sediment connectivity and erosion. Meanwhile, over 40% of the erosion occurred in a few areas (approximately 20%) with high connectivity and high erosion from 2000 to 2004, which can be characterized as the critical areas of erosion. The methods and results of this study provide ideas for separately defining both erosion and connectivity and quantifying bi-variable erosion–connectivity classification, which can be easily viewed on a scatterplot.     

水分胁迫下斑茅3个逆境代谢相关基因表达的实时PCR分析

【研究目的】初步探讨斑茅3个关键逆境适应相关基因在水分胁迫下的表达机制。【方法】已克隆S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸氨基转移酶、甜菜碱脱氢酶3个基因和内参基因的基础上,应用定量PCR技术,对这3个基因在不同胁迫时间下的表达水平进行分析。【结果】斑茅的S-腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶、鸟氨酸氨基转移酶基因、甜菜碱脱氢酶基因表达在初期均受抑制,后期表达持续上调,但甜菜碱脱氢酶基因受水分诱导表达较前两个基因明显。【结论】这可能暗示着在斑茅中,脯胺酸和甜菜碱的合成受水分胁迫诱导,而甜菜碱的合成相对脯胺酸和多胺受水分胁迫诱导影响更大。这些研究为斑茅抗旱的分子机制提供初步的理论基础。     

油松阔叶混交林不同层次优势植被根区土壤真菌的群落结构

采用真菌的28S rDNA的特异性引物对千山油松阔叶混交林中乔木层、灌木层和草本层优势植被根区土壤中提取的真菌总DNA进行PCR扩增,并通过DGGE技术对PCR产物进行分析,结果表明:乔木层针叶树(油松、红松)根区土壤真菌的多样性最低,草本层植被根区土壤真菌的多样性最高.乔木层阔叶树根区土壤真菌群落结构与灌木层相似,草本层与二者差异较大.     

From killer to carer: steroid hormones and paternal behaviour

Mammalian parental investment (i.e. care of descendant offspring) is largely biased towards maternal contributions due to the specific feeding needs of mammalian offspring; however, varying degrees of paternal investment have been reported in about 10% of all mammalian species. Within the order Carnivora, paternal contribution to rearing offspring is particularly high: an estimated 32% of all studied carnivore species exhibit direct paternal care. Despite the prominence of paternal investment in carnivores, the endocrine basis of this behaviour is not well understood. This review examines the current – highly constrained – state of knowledge about the endocrine basis of carnivore paternal investment. We attempt to link changes in androgen and glucocorticoid levels with variation in direct and indirect paternal care behaviour making specific predictions regarding the way forward. Well-studied species, such as bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis), dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta), where social dynamics are relatively well understood, can act as ideal model systems through which we may further investigate the endocrine basis of paternal investment in carnivores.