治疗仔猪断奶后腹泻——复合产品是否值得一试

仔猪断奶后腹泻在猪场的发生率很高,这使养猪生产者遭受了严重的经济损失。有机酸可导致胃内pH值下降,不利于致病菌生存。但由于致病菌的固有抵抗力,含有大量游离有机酸的混合物,与植物化学物质和渗透性物质（Biotronic Top3）的联合使用可以更有效地提高动物的生产性能和控制致病菌。     

Zum Einfluß von Fumarsäure,Salzsäure,Natriumformiat, Tylosin und Toyocerin auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt

Mit 6 Gruppen zu je 12 Ferkeln wurde ein Wachstumsversuch von 42 Tagen durchgeführt. In der fünften oder sechsten Versuchswoche wurde den Ferkeln durch Venenpunktion Blut für eine Blutgasanalyse entnommen. Bei Versuchsende erfolgte eine Blutentnahme zur Bestimmung des Kationen-, Anionen- und Harnstoffgehaltes im Blutplasma. Dem Futter wurde neben einer Kontrollration 1,8% Fumarsäure (Fms), 1,4% Salzsäure (HCl), 1,8% Natriumformiat (Nafo), 40 ppm Tylosin und 50 ppm Toyocerin (0,5 Mio. Keime/g) zugelegt und der Einfluß der Zulagen auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt untersucht. Der Säure-Basen-Haushalt der Ferkel wurde durch die HCl-Behandlung in Form einer metabolischen Acidose gestört, die sich im venösen Blut durch einen gesichert erniedrigten pH-Wert sowie signifikant gesenkten Konzentrationen an Hydrogencarbonat und dem Basenüberschuß äußerte. Für die anderen Behandlungen war kein Einfluß auf den Säure-Basen-Haushalt nachzuweisen. Die Futter-Elektrolyt-Bilanz ergab für die HCl-Behandlung negative Werte. Die Konzentrationen an Natrium, Kalium, Calcium und Magnesium im Blutplasma waren durch die Zulagen nicht verändert. In der HCl-Behandlung war der Chloridgehalt am höchsten, der Phosphorgehalt um 10% erniedrigt. Die Behandlungen mit Nafo und HCl erbrachten signifikant geringere Harnstoffgehalte im Blutplasma als die Kontrolle.     

Lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus

Neutrophil function and mononuclear cell proliferative responses to mitogens were determined in healthy cattle and in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. Uptake of [3H]thymidine by resting and mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in cattle persistently infected with BVD virus than in healthy cattle. Neutrophils from cattle persistently infected with BVD virus had significantly impaired capability to ingest Staphylococcus aureus, but were normal in respect to random migration under agarose, cytochrome C reduction, iodination, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Impairment of neutrophil function in cattle persistently infected with BVD virus differs from impairment of neutrophil function reported in healthy cattle mounting an immune response to recent BVD virus infection.     

Use of laser Doppler flowmetry to determine blood flow in and viability of island axial pattern skin flaps in rabbits

Perfusion and viability of island axial pattern skin flaps were tested in 37 healthy New Zealand white rabbits, using laser Doppler monitoring of blood flow in the capillary loops and the subpapillary plexus of the dermis. Skin flaps, selected on the basis of the caudal superficial epigastric vein and artery, were lifted and replaced in their original locus after selective occlusion of their vascular pedicles. Subjects were allotted into groups: control group (n = 10); arterial occlusion (n = 7); venous occlusion (n = 10); and arterial and venous occlusion (n = 10). The rabbits were monitored from 48 hours before surgery until euthanasia 48 to 72 hours after replacement of the flap. Flap viability was assessed on a clinical basis, using a comparative scoring method based on a numeric scale. The degree of necrosis in histologic sections was evaluated, using a scoring system. Laser Doppler measurements were obtained on 3 consecutive days before surgery, to establish the normal basal blood flow in the skin. Postsurgical measurements were obtained at 2-hour intervals for the first 8 hours and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Measurements of basal blood flow varied significantly (P less than 0.05) from site to site on the surface of individual flaps and over time. When laser Doppler flowmetric (LDF) measurements from 6 sites on a flap were used as a measure of laser Doppler flow for the total flap, there was no significant difference between contralateral flap areas outlined on the abdomen of the rabbits. Temporal variations over 3 days for each rabbit or among rabbits were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Dissociative anaesthesia in free-ranging male koalas and selected marsupials in captivity

Forty seven free-ranging, adult, male koalas were captured and administered an intramuscular injection of the dissociative anaesthetic, Telazol (tiletamine HCl plus zolazepam HCl), at dose rates of 5.0 to 7.7 mg/kg body weight. Anaesthesia induction was rapid and smooth and resulted in a surgical plane of anaesthesia lasting 30 to 45 min. There was no depression of heart rate or respiration. Mild salivation occurred in most animals, but was not a problem because the swallowing reflex was retained. There was no mortality or morbidity and the anaesthesia level was sufficient to allow electroejaculation and multiple blood sampling with no apparent animal discomfort. For 10 of 19 males in which anaesthesia was required for a 90 min protocol, a supplementary Telazol injection (average, 2.5 mg/kg) was necessary. All koalas recovered completely within 3 to 4 h of the initial injection. The results suggest that the optimal Telazol dosage for the adult male koala is 7.0 mg/kg body weight. The retrospective analysis of 259 anaesthesia records involving 14 species indicated that Telazol was equally effective and safe in other captive marsupials.     

Cutaneous histiocytoma in a goat

A cutaneous histiocytoma involving the scrotum was diagnosed in a 14-month-old French Alpine buck. A wedge biopsy was taken for histologic examination. The remaining tumor regressed spontaneously and had completely resolved within six months of initial observation.     

Equine humoral immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to test equine serum for the presence of antibodies to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Experimental ponies had no detectable antibody to R equi before exposure to the bacterium. After experimental inoculation, animals in groups that received live R equi subcutaneously or intranasally/intratracheally developed high titers to R equi. Noninoculated controls remained seronegative. Serum was also collected from horses of various ages that were naturally exposed to R equi. There was a wide range of anti-R equi titers in these horses. Because experimentally infected horses seroconverted when some naturally infected foals did not seroconvert, the function of antibody in resistance to R equi infection remains unknown.     

Farmer awareness of cow longevity and implications for decision-making at farm level

The aim of this study was to investigate if farmer awareness of longevity can explain why the longevity of dairy cows does not increase in Sweden, despite the fact that the genetic trend for longevity in Swedish dairy cattle is positive. In this study, farmers’ decisions were put in the forefront through a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. The results showed that farmers seemed well aware of biological factors related to cow longevity, that they think the demands on dairy cows have increased over time and that they correlate the higher demands to shorter longevity. However, the farmers had not worked explicitly with longevity of their own herd. There are subjective management decisions behind a culling of a dairy cow, and the reporting of culling reasons does not mirror the farmer’s reasoning behind the decisions, which is a key factor determining longevity.