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51.
J Christensen-Dalsgaard W Dappen SV Ajukov ER Anderson HM Antia S Basu VA Baturin G Berthomieu B Chaboyer SM Chitre AN Cox P Demarque J Donatowicz WA Dziembowski M Gabriel DO Gough DB Guenther JA Guzik JW Harvey F Hill G Houdek CA Iglesias AG Kosovichev JW Leibacher P Morel CR Proffitt J Provost J Reiter EJ Rhodes FJ Rogers IW Roxburgh MJ Thompson RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292
Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations. 相似文献
52.
During the summers of 1986 and 1987, stem and leaf growth were measured on coppiced plants of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray, P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh, and P. trichocarpa x deltoides growing in the field in Puyallup, WA. The trees were either irrigated periodically throughout the season, or grown without irrigation. In both treatments, stem volume at the end of the growing season was directly proportional to total leaf area in all three genotypes. The rate of individual leaf growth was reduced by lack of irrigation more in the parental species than in the hybrid. Only in the parental species did unirrigated trees have lower leaf water potentials (predawn and midday) than irrigated trees. However, stomatal conductances of all three genotypes were lower in unirrigated trees than in irrigated trees. Osmotic potentials of growing leaves of all three genotypes were also lower in unirrigated trees than in irrigated trees. As a consequence, turgor of growing leaves was as great in unirrigated trees as in irrigated trees, which indicates that turgor differences cannot explain the lower rates of leaf growth in the unirrigated trees. However, cell wall extensibility of leaves was lower in unirrigated trees than in irrigated trees, and the difference was greater in the parental species than in the hybrid. Unlike its effect on leaf area growth, irrigation increased stem volume growth of the hybrid and the parental species by a similar amount (12-16%). 相似文献
53.
Ligation of the caudal mesenteric artery during resection and anastomosis of the colorectal junction for annular adenocarcinoma in two dogs 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
An 8-year-old terrier cross and a 10-year-old German Shorthaired Pointer presented to the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney, for investigation of long-standing tenesmus and dyschezia. Both patients had an annular adenocarcinoma at the colorectal junction. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and the affected large intestinal segment was removed by resection and anastomosis. In both dogs, the caudal mesenteric artery was intimately associated with the mass, necessitating its ligation and transection. Postoperatively, there was no evidence of anastomosis breakdown in either case and both animals recovered well from surgery. The dogs were euthanased 8 and 10 months, respectively, after surgery because of clinical signs relating to metastatic disease. 相似文献
54.
JR Delaney DS Kelley MD Lilley DA Butterfield JA Baross WSD Wilcock RW Embley M Summit 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5374):222-230
Seafloor diking-eruptive events represent the irreducible, quantum events of upper oceanic crustal accretion. They record events by which a large portion of the oceanic crust has formed through geological history. Since 1993, the U.S. Navy's real-time Sound Surveillance System has allowed location of ongoing acoustic signatures of dike emplacement and basalt eruptions at ridge crests in the northeast Pacific. These diking-eruptive events trigger a sequence of related, rapidly evolving physical, chemical, and biological processes. Magmatic volatiles released during these events may provide nutrients for communities of subseafloor microorganisms, some of which thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments. Many of the organisms identified from these systems are Archaea. If microorganisms can thrive in the water-saturated pores and cracks within deep, volcanically active portions of our planet, other hydrothermally active planets may harbor similar life forms. 相似文献
55.
根据目前拖网渔船在节能方面的需要,采用导管螺旋桨以改善渔船的推进性能,并对导管螺旋桨的设计和具体应用的优的缺点作初步的探讨。 相似文献
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The clinical, pathological and biochemical findings of a study of 30 Poll Hereford, Hereford, Poll Hereford cross or Hereford cross calves affected with branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) complex deficiency or maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) are presented. In breeding studies, 6 of 21 calves from obligate heterozygote matings were affected with MSUD, suggesting the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Calves were clinically affected from birth, but there were variations in the subsequent course of progressive deterioration of central nervous system function. Concentrations of the branched chain amino acids and keto acids were elevated in pre-suckle plasma and cerebellar water content was higher in affected calves. Activity of BCKAD complex was minimal in fibroblasts cultured from an affected calf. Spongiform encephalopathy and elevated ratios of the branched to straight chain amino acids in formalin fixed cerebral tissue were found in a stillborn foetus and a 3-month-old Hereford calf. These findings suggest the disease occurs prenatally and that a delayed form may exist. 相似文献
59.
Background: The global network of eddy-covariance(EC) flux-towers has improved the understanding of the terrestrial carbon(C) cycle, however, the network has a relatively limited spatial extent compared to forest inventory data and plots. Developing methods to use inventory-based and EC flux measurements together with modeling approaches is necessary evaluate forest C dynamics across broad spatial extents.Methods: Changes in C stock change(ΔC) were computed based on repeated measurements of forest inventory plots and compared with separate measurements of cumulative net ecosystem productivity(ΣNEP) over four years(2003 – 2006) for Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) dominated regeneration(HDF00), juvenile(HDF88and HDF90) and near-rotation(DF49) aged stands(6, 18, 20, 57 years old in 2006, respectively) in coastal British Columbia. ΔC was determined from forest inventory plot data alone, and in a hybrid approach using inventory data along with litter fall data and published decay equations to determine the change in detrital pools. These ΔC-based estimates were then compared with ΣNEP measured at an eddy-covariance flux-tower(EC-flux) and modelled by the Carbon Budget Model- Canadian Forest Sector(CBM-CFS3) using historic forest inventory and forest disturbance data.Footprint analysis was used with remote sensing, soils and topography data to evaluate how well the inventory plots represented the range of stand conditions within the area of the flux-tower footprint and to spatially scale the plot data to the area of the EC-flux and model based estimates.Results: The closest convergence among methods was for the juvenile stands while the largest divergences were for the regenerating clearcut, followed by the near-rotation stand. At the regenerating clearcut, footprint weighting of CBM-CFS3 ΣNEP increased convergence with EC flux ΣNEP, but not for ΔC. While spatial scaling and footprint weighting did not increase convergence for ΔC, they did provide confidence that the sample plots represented site conditions as measured by the EC tower.Conclusions: Methods to use inventory and EC flux measurements together with modeling approaches are necessary to understand forest C dynamics across broad spatial extents. Each approach has advantages and limitations that need to be considered for investigations at varying spatial and temporal scales. 相似文献
60.
AB Caselles A Miro‐Moran A Morillo Rodriguez JM Gallardo Bolaños C Ortega‐Ferrusola GM Salido FJ Peña JA Tapia IM Aparicio 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(2):254-262
Apoptosis in the testis is required to ensure an efficient spermatogenesis. However, sometimes, defective germ cells that are marked for elimination during this process escape elimination in the testes, giving rise to ejaculates with increased percentages of abnormal and apoptotic spermatozoa and a high percentage of apoptotic bodies. Apoptosis markers in the ejaculate have been associated with low fertility, either in animals or humans. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether fresh equine semen contains apoptotic bodies [initially named Merocyanine 540 (M540) bodies] and to study the relationship between the quantity of these bodies and cell concentration, the volume of ejaculate, viability and motility. Moreover, we also studied whether the presence apoptotic bodies in fresh semen was related to the resistance of the stallion spermatozoa to being incubated at 37°C or being frozen and thawed. Fresh equine semen was stained with fluorescent dyes such as M540 and Annexin‐V. Active Caspase 3 was studied in fresh semen through Western blotting and immunofluorescence with a specific antibody. Sperm kinematics was assessed in fresh, incubated and thawed samples using computer‐assisted semen analysis, and viability was evaluated with the LIVE/DEAD Sperm Viability Kit. Overall, our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of apoptotic bodies in equine semen. The quantity of apoptotic bodies was highly variable among stallions and was positively correlated with Caspase 3 activity in fresh samples and negatively correlated with the viability and motility of stallion spermatozoa after the cryopreservation process. 相似文献