Failure of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to replicate in porcine endothelial cell cultures.

Clinical, gross, and microscopic pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) suggest that PRRSV may replicate in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell cultures from porcine aorta and pulmonary artery were tested for susceptibility to various strains of PRRSV. Cultures were identified as endothelium by light microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for P-selectin and von Willebrand factor. Five strains of PRRSV, i.e., the National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, IA PRRSV strain 130-PDV and 4 field strains isolated from pneumonic lungs, failed to replicate in these porcine large-vessel endothelial cell cultures.     

Feed resource base for scavenging village chickens in Sri Lanka

Summary The productivity of a population of scavenging village chickens in Sri Lanka has been assessed, and the scavenging feed resource base has been measured and analysed. The laying period lasted 34 ± 13 days and the batch size was about 20 eggs. The households ate 71% of the egg production. The mean egg weight was 48 g and the mean size of a set of eggs was 9·4. The hatching percentage was 67 ± 32 and the liveweight at 70 days averaged 313 g with a range of 142 to 492, by which time 65% of the chicks hatched had died. The age at first lay averaged 211 days when the pullets weighed 1,160 g. The broody period lasted from 3 weeks to 4 months depending on whether the hen hatched eggs, and for how long she tended the brood. The laying hens were actively scavenging for most of the daylight hours. The average amount of scavenged feed per household flock per day was 550 g dry weight with a proximate composition of 9·4% crude protein, 9·2% ether extract and 5·4% crude fibre. More than 70% of the feed intake was household refuse (27% cooked rice, 30% coconut residue, 8% broken rice and 36% other scraps). The remainder was from the environment (13% grass shoots, 8% small metazoans and 7% paddy rice). Proximate analyses of crop contents, household refuse and its major components were carried out. Dietary Ca and P levels were low in the village, as were plasma levels of these minerals. On a balanced commercial diet plasma Ca was still lower than that of hybrid commercial chickens. Suggestions are made for improving the productivity of the scavenging system with no requirement for inputs, and with inputs.

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Recurso Base Para Pollos Escarbadores De Villorrio En Sri Lanka

Resumen Se estudió la productividad de una población de pollos escarbadores en Sri Lanka y la base alimenticia se analizó. El período de postura duró 34 ± 13 dias y el grupo de unidades fue de aproximadamente 20 huevos. El consumo familiar fue de 71% de la producción. El peso promedio de las unidades fue de 48 g y el tamaño promedio de un juego de huevos fue 9·4. El porcentaje de eclosión de los mismos fue de 67 ± 32 y el peso vivo a los 70 días promedió 313 g con valores extremos de 142 a 492, con un porcentaje de mortalidad a esa edad de 65%. Le edad de postura promedió 211 dias, cuando las pollonas pesaron 1160 g. El periodo de empolle fluctuó entre 3 semanas y 4 meses dependiendo de si había enclosión de huevos, o de si la gallina (s) se encluecaban. Las gallinas escarbaban constantemente durante las horas de la mañana y tarde. El promedio de alimento tomado por grupo familiar de aves fue de 550 g peso seco con una composición aproximada de 9·4% de proteina cruda, 9·2% extracto de ether y 5·4% de fibra cruda. Más de 70% de la ingestion de alimento provino de desechos de cocina (27% arroz cocinado, 30% residuos de coco, 8% arroz partido y 36% otros residuos). El resto provino de pasto, metazoas, y 7% arroz pady. El análisis reveló niveles bajos de Ca y P en el alimento y en el plasma. Bajo una dieta comercial balanceada, los niveles de calcio plasmético fueron todavia bajos, en comparación a aquellos de hibridos comerciales. Se hacen recomendaciones para mejorar la productividad de estas aves criollas con insumos y sin ellos.

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Base Des Ressources Alimentaires Des Poulets Villageois Eleves Sur Dechets Menagers Au Sri Lanka

Résumé La productivité d'une population de volailles villaqueoises se nourrissant sur les déchets ménagers au Sri Lanka a été déterminée. La base de leurs ressources alimentaires à partir de ces déchets a été mesurée et analysée. La période de ponte a duré 34 ± 13 jours et le volume a été de l'ordre de 20 oeufs. Les propriétaires ont consommé 71 p. 100 de cette production. Le poids moyen des oeufs était de 48 q et leur dimension de 9,4. Le pourcentage d'éclosion a été de 67 ± 32 et le poids vif à 70 jours de 313 g en moyenne, avec une fourchette de 142 à 492 grammes. A cette époque, 65 p. 100 des poulets couvés étaient morts. L'âge moyen à la première ponte était de 211 jours au moment où les poulettes atteignaient 1 160 q. La période de couvaison a duré de 3 semaines à 4 mois, selon que la poule pondait ou non et selon le temps passé à couver par la poule. Les pondeuses recherchaient leur nourriture très activement sur les déchets ménagers pendant le jour.La quantité moyenne de nourriture de chaque troupe individualisée par propriétaire était de 550 g, exprimée en poids sec. Sa composition approximative était la suivante: 9,4 p. 100 de protéines brutes, 9,2 p.100 d'extrait éthéré et 5,4 p. 100 de cellulose. Plus de 70 p. 100 de la prise alimentaire provenait de déchets ménagers (27 p. 100 de riz cuit, 30 p. 100 de résidu de noix de coco, 8 p. 100 de brisures de riz et 36 p. 100 d'autres restes de cuisine. Le reliquat venait de l'environnement avec 13 p. 100 de pousses d'herbe. 8 p. 100 de petits métazoaires et 7 p. 100 de riz paddy. Les auteurs ont procédé à des analyses approchées de la composition des végétaux, des refus ménagers et de leurs principaux composants. Les taux de Ca et P des rations étaient faibles dans les villages, tout comme les teneurs plasmatiques de ces minéraux. Mais, pour un régime commercial équilibré, le calcium plasmatique était encore plus bas que celui des volailles hybrides du commerce. Des suggestions sont faites pour accroître la productivité du système d'alimentation à partir des déchets ménagers avec ou sans besoins d'intrants complémentaires.

     

LARYNGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA IN A DOG

Laryngeal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a 5-year-old golden retriever dog with no history of respiratory or pharyngeal difficulties. Radiographically the basihyoid bone was destroyed by the neoplasm, and extensive soft tissue mineralization ventral to the larynx was also present. Complete surgical resection was not possible due to diffuse involvement of the tongue and larynx. Cobalt-60 teletherapy was used for treatment of the tumor. There was no clinical evidence of tumor regrowth at approximately 12 months post treatment. This is an unusual example of primary laryngeal neoplasia due to the absence of clinical respiratory abnormalities and the aggressive destruction of the basihyoid bone.     

Ophthalmic complications following megavoltage irradiation of the nasal and paranasal cavities in dogs

Megavoltage x-radiation was used to treat orbital nasal, and paranasal cavity malignant neoplasia in 29 dogs. In each instance, the globe and adnexal tissues were within the treatment portals (entry and/or exit). Doses administered to tumors ranged from 3,680 to 5,000 cGy. Ocular reactions after irradiation were classified as mild in 5 of 29 cases (17.2%) and severe in 17 of 29 cases (58.6%). No ocular complications were noticed in 7 of 29 cases (24.1%). Complications frequently noticed included severe keratitis (41%), mild conjunctivitis (34%), severe conjunctivitis (28%), cataract (28%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (24%). Ocular complications that developed were not life threatening, but posed a threat to visual function and patient quality of life. Treatment for the complications included control of bacterial infection, reduction of tissue inflammation, and ocular surface protection when tear film deficiencies were noticed. Mild complications represented acute effects of irradiation, and typically resolved. Severe complications developed both acutely and as late irradiation effects. Those attributed to late irradiation effects were more vision threatening and altered the quality of life more than did the early effects.     

Anomalous temperature dependence for a partial vapor pressure

In a limited temperature range the partial pressure of gallium subsulfide (Ga(2)S) above gallium sesquisulfide (Ga(2)S(3)) increases when the temperature is decreased. The anomaly in the partial pressure is caused by changes with temperature in the equilibrium compositions of two solid phases that coexist at 1228 degrees +/- 3 degrees K. At this temperature the solids differ in sulfur content by 0.4 atomic percent sulfur.     

Field study of coccidial and rotaviral diarrhoea in unweaned piglets

A study of diarrhoea in unweaned piglets was carried out in nine herds, with special reference to the enteropathogenic agents which could be demonstrated. Coccidial (Isospora suis) and rotaviral infections were both identified, either singly or in combination. More extensive studies of I suis infection were undertaken in two of the herds and it was found that diarrhoea occurred most commonly in five- to 14-day-old piglets. Piglets with I suis infection were not necessarily diarrhoeic but grew poorly compared to uninfected piglets. I suis infection in litters correlated with oocyst excretion in sows. In herds with I suis infection, amprolium and monensin were used in the sow ration to achieve control, and in one herd oral dosing of piglets with amprolium in the first three or four days of life was carried out.