基于RFID与Zigbee的牛场远程监测系统设计

针对传统畜牧业的局限性,对现阶段Zigbee技术和嵌入式技术进行了分析,将RFID技术与Zigbee技术完美结合,提出了一种牛场无线远程监控系统。该监控系统有牛只管理、生殖保健管理、产奶管理、决策支持管理、营养搭配管理及智能预警管理等功能模块,分别设计了牛只管理、牛奶品质检测、通用模块节点和牛场感知模块。牛场选程监测系统为奶牛养殖的现代化管理、疾病防治和食品安全等提供了有效的手段与方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

基于LabVIEW的模糊PID中草药收获机速度控制系统设计

针对中草药收获机关键部件夹持带转速控制的非线性、时变性、大滞后等特点,通过LabVIEW与MAT-LAB混合编程的方法 ,应用数据采集卡(DAQ)进行速度信号的采集与控制信号的输出,设计了一种基于模糊PID的转速控制系统。该系统对机器作业速度与夹持带转速进行实时检测和控制。实验结果表明,该控制方法具有动态响应快、超调量小、鲁棒性强等优点,具有很好的实用性。     

三菱数控加工中心电气控制系统的研制

研制一台数控加工中心电气控制系统,实现3轴联动、主轴定位、无级调速、刀库随机换刀(就近)等功能。     

Almond agronomic response to long-term deficit irrigation applied since orchard establishment

This study assesses the long-term suitability of regulated (RDI) and sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) implemented over the first six growing seasons of an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchard grown in a semiarid area in SE Spain. Four irrigation treatments were assessed: (i) full irrigation (FI), irrigated to satisfy maximum crop evapotranspiration (100% ET_c); (ii) RDI, as FI but receiving 40% ET_c during kernel-filling; (iii) mild-to-moderate SDI (SDI_mm), irrigated at 75–60% ET_c over the entire growing season; and (iv) moderate-to-severe SDI (SDI_ms), irrigated at 60–30% ET_c over the whole season. Application of water stress from orchard establishment did not amplify the negative effects of deficit irrigation on almond yield. Irrigation water productivity (IWP) increased proportionally to the mean relative water shortage. SDI_ms increased IWP by 92.5%, reduced yield by 29% and applied 63% less irrigation water. RDI and SDI_mm showed similar productive performances, but RDI was more efficient than SDI_mm to increase fruiting density and production efficiency (PE). We conclude that SDI_ms appears to be a promising DI option for arid regions with severe water scarcity, whereas for less water-scarce areas RDI and SDI_mm behaved similarly, except for the ability of RDI to more severely restrict vegetative development while increasing PE.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Preparation of Chitosan Nanocompositeswith a Macroporous Structure by Unidirectional Freezing and Subsequent Freeze-Drying

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide that consists of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose through a β (1→4) linkage and is found in nature as the supporting material of crustaceans, insects, etc. Chitosan has been strongly recommended as a suitable functional material because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and adsorption properties. Boosting all these excellent properties to obtain unprecedented performances requires the core competences of materials chemists to design and develop novel processing strategies that ultimately allow tailoring the structure and/or the composition of the resulting chitosan-based materials. For instance, the preparation of macroporous materials is challenging in catalysis, biocatalysis and biomedicine, because the resulting materials will offer a desirable combination of high internal reactive surface area and straightforward molecular transport through broad “highways” leading to such a surface. Moreover, chitosan-based composites made of two or more distinct components will produce structural or functional properties not present in materials composed of one single component. Our group has been working lately on cryogenic processes based on the unidirectional freezing of water slurries and/or hydrogels, the subsequent freeze-drying of which produce macroporous materials with a well-patterned structure. We have applied this process to different gels and colloidal suspensions of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. In this review, we will describe the application of the process to chitosan solutions and gels typically containing a second component (e.g., metal and ceramic nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes) for the formation of chitosan nanocomposites with a macroporous structure. We will also discuss the role played by this tailored composition and structure in the ultimate performance of these materials.     

杂交水稻新组合D优448

D优448是用D62A与成恢448配组育成的优质、高产杂交中、晚籼新组合,2001年4月通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

The Farmland and Rural Improvement Project budget under the Agriculture Basic Law in Japan

The Farmland and Rural Improvement Project (FRIP) system met socioeconomic needs during the time the Agriculture Basic Law (ABL) was in effect. Four hundred and forty publications and revisions of project execution guidelines between fiscal years (FY) 1960 and 1995 addressed the need to modify the FRIP systems. From the viewpoint of budgets, the budget share of the Farmland Improvement Project (FIP) in annual national public works budgets decreased in close correlation with percentages of gross agricultural product in gross domestic product (GDP). The Rural Improvement Project (RIP) share, however, increased during the same time period, in close correlation with percentages of non-farmers living in rural villages. Consequently, there was little change in the FRIP budget share. These changes in FRIP budget structure brought a certain level of FIP investment per hectare, with no increase since FY 1980. In addition, the RIP investment played a role in narrowing the gap in the living infrastructure investment per capita between urban and rural areas.     

Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on soft rot produced byErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora in potato tubers under greenhouse conditions

Summary The efficiency of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in inducing localised acquired resistance against infection byErwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora was evaluated by treating potato tubers with ASA at three concentrations. Three days after treatments, tubers were inoculated withE. carotovora subsp.carotovora by wound inoculation or by irrigation with a bacterial suspension. Experiments were performed for two consecutive years. Statistical analysis revealed that treatment of tubers by immersion in ASA solutions at low concentrations induced a significant reduction in the soft rot incidence. Wounding of the tubers was the most effective inoculation method and ASA at concentration of 0.0125% (w/v), pH 7 was more efficient than at 0.025 or 0.05%. No phytotoxicity of such treatment was observed.