Effects of Vacuum Mixing,Water Addition,and Mixing Time on the Quality of Fresh Chinese White Noodles and the Optimization of the Mixing Process

In this study, the effects of mixing process parameters (degree of vacuum, water addition, and mixing time under vacuum) on the cooking and sensory quality properties of Chinese white noodles were investigated by using one commercial‐scale noodle production line and one typical commercial wheat flour. Noodle appearance, firmness, elasticity, smoothness, and total quality scores were significantly improved as the degree of vacuum increased from 0 to 0.06 MPa, although lower sensory scores and larger cooking losses occurred when noodles were mixed at 0.08 MPa. Noodles with a water addition of 35% had the highest total score and the highest scores for each sensory factor. As mixing time increased, the sensory score of cooked noodles increased initially and then decreased. With a mixing time of 7 min, the sensory score was the highest and cooking loss was the lowest. The results of response surface methodology indicated that fresh noodle quality was most affected by the water addition, followed by vacuum degree. Added water was a more important source of variation for appearance, firmness, stickiness, smoothness, total score, and cooking loss than degree of vacuum and mixing time, whereas degree of vacuum was the predominant source of variation for color and elasticity. The interactions between the factors had little effect on sensory and cooking properties. The optimal mixing conditions were determined to be as follows: degree of vacuum, 0.06 MPa; added water, 35.6%; and mixing time, 7.25 min. Furthermore, vacuum mixing produced a more even, coherent, and closed microstructure for the sheeted dough than nonvacuum mixing.     

基于高斯自适应拟合的苹果目标分割方法研究

苹果目标的准确识别是苹果机械化采摘需要解决的关键问题之一。为此,基于YUV颜色空间模型,提出了一种结合色差分量与高斯自适应拟合算法的苹果目标分割方法。该方法采用首先将苹果目标由RGB颜色空间转换至YUV颜色空间,并利用色差分量V建立果实与背景分割的高斯分布拟合模型,根据拟合结果自动获取分割阈值,以实现自然场景下苹果目标的准确分割。为了验证文中算法的有效性,利用多幅图像进行了试验并与Otsu自适应阈值分割算法进行了比较。试验结果表明,采用文中算法得到的苹果果实的平均检出率达87.08%,识别率领先Otsu算法9.91%。因此,对于着色度较为均匀的苹果目标,采用高斯自适应拟合方法可以有效提高其识别率。     

拖拉机自动转向系统设计及仿真

以TN654拖拉机为平台,基于原车液压转向系统,设计一套比例方向电磁阀组和电控单元(ECU),构建了能响应程序控制的自动转向系统。通过建立阀控缸动力系统数学模型,利用Mat Lab对该系统PD控制性能进行仿真分析。仿真结果显示:系统最大迟滞0.24、1.8s内均能达到平衡点,表明系统具有良好的控制精度和响应性,符合拖拉机自动驾驶作业需求。     

玉米播种机排种监测的试验研究与设计

在对目前玉米播种机排种监测方法的研究基础上,设计了一套新的玉米播种机排种监测的试验方法:将4对光电传感器并排安装在导种管内壁以监测空或堵的情况并进行报警;同时,利用安装在排种盘的中心轴上的空心转速编码器,测出排种盘转速连同试验所得的空穴率,从而得出玉米排种量。试验结果表明:该方案模拟实际空或堵的报警率达100%,排种量检测平均精度98.37%,各项性能指标均达到了实际要求。     

杜仲转录组基因密码子使用偏好性分析

以杜仲转录组数据为试材,采用CodonW和SPSS软件相结合的方法,研究了杜仲基因密码子组成和长度对基因表达量的影响,以期为将来改造外源基因及利用基因工程技术改良杜仲提供理论基础。结果表明:杜仲转录组中基因的表达量与G3s、C3s、G+C和GC3s含量均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与A3s含量、T3s含量、单条基因总密码子数(L_aa)和有效密码子数ENC均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与Aro含量呈显著负相关(P0.05),表明高表达基因的密码子使用偏好性较强,且偏好于使用以G/C结尾的密码子;ENC与C3s、G3s、G+C和GC3含量均呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与A3s、T3s、Aro含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01);确定了15个杜仲最优密码子,分别为AAC、AAG、ACC、AGG、AUC、CAC、CAG、CCG、CUC、CUG、GCC、GGC、GUC、UAC和UCC。果实和叶片特异表达基因在氨基酸Leu、Ile、Ser、Pro、Thr、Asn、Glu和Cys密码子的使用上存在差异。     

Symmetrical alopecia, scaling and hepatitis in a rabbit

A 5-year-old rabbit with inappetence, symmetrical alopecia and skin lesions was examined. No mites or Malassezia were found in skin scrapings and tape impressions and dermatophyte culture was negative. Trial therapy with ivermectin did not reduce skin lesion severity, and euthanasia was performed because of anorexia after 1 month. Histopathology of the skin showed hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic exocytosis, cell-poor interface dermatitis (lymphocytic infiltration and apoptotic cells in basal layer of epidermis), absence of sebaceous glands and lymphocytic mural folliculitis comparable to sebaceous adenitis and thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis previously described in rabbits. The liver exhibited an interface hepatitis, comparable to autoimmune hepatitis in man. The occurrence of morphological similarities to exfoliative dermatitis and sebaceous adenitis in rabbits, in association with an autoimmune hepatitis, has not been described before.     

华南三省(自治区)部分西番莲种植区花叶病病原检测及EAPV多聚蛋白基因序列分析

<正>西番莲(Passiflora edulis Sims.)是热带亚热带地区重要经济作物,我国福建、广东、广西、海南等地广泛种植[1]。调查发现,我国南方多地西番莲花叶病为害严重,症状表现为叶片花叶、黄化、斑驳、畸形,甚至整株褪绿,严重影响西番莲的产量和品质。已报道能引起西番莲花叶症状的病毒有：黄瓜花叶病毒属(Cucumovirus)的黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus, CMV),     

除草剂莠去津降解菌SFAD3的分离鉴定及其土壤修复潜力

为获得能够修复除草剂莠去津污染土壤的高效降解菌,采用摇瓶富集法、平板分离法从莠去津过量使用的土壤中分离得到降解菌SFAD3,通过形态学、生理生化特征观察以及16S rDNA和ITS序列分析进行种类鉴定,测定获得菌株的最适降解条件,并通过土壤接种和盆栽试验验证菌株对莠去津污染土壤的修复作用。结果表明,菌株SFAD3最终被鉴定为门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina,该菌株培养30 d时对污染土壤中50 mg/kg莠去津的降解率可达72.6%;菌株SFAD3在MM液体培养基中最适降解条件为温度37℃、pH 7、莠去津初始浓度6.25 mg/L、接种量2%,对莠去津降的降解率为50.0%～72.2%;与仅有莠去津的处理相比,添加有SFAD3发酵液的处理20 d后芝麻的株高、根长、湿重和干重能够显著恢复,并且该菌对芝麻还具有一定的促生作用。表明降解菌SFAD3在修复莠去津污染土壤方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

苏氨酸和异亮氨酸对皖西白鹅屠宰性能、器官指数及肠道形态结构、消化酶活性、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究苏氨酸和异亮氨酸对皖西白鹅屠宰性能、器官指数及肠道形态结构、消化酶活性、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。选取30日龄体重相近的皖西白鹅180只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,苏氨酸组在基础饲粮中添加2.0 g/kg的L-苏氨酸,异亮氨酸组在基础饲粮中添加2.5 g/kg的L-异亮氨酸。试验期60 d。结果表明：1）各组之间90日龄屠宰性能和器官指数无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）异亮氨酸组60日龄十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,苏氨酸组60日龄十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度及90日龄十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。3）苏氨酸组和异亮氨酸组60、90日龄十二指肠胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,苏氨酸组60、90日龄十二指肠麦芽糖酶活性及90日龄空肠淀粉酶、乳糖酶活性显著或极显著高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。4）异亮氨酸组60日龄空肠总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组和苏氨酸组（P<0...