Fever and associated clinical haematologic and blood biochemical changes in the goat and other animal species

Summary Acute febrile diseases are characterized by specific and non-specific symptoms. The non-specific responses are presented under the headings: fever, inflammation and pain, experimental models for investigating febrile reactions, haematologic changes, blood biochemical changes, cardiovascular effects, changes in gastric function, and the effects of fever upon pharmacokinetics of drugs. It was the purpose of this review to describe present concepts of thermoregulation and fever, the associated reactions produced by bacterial pyrogens and the mechanisms of these reactions. The available data illustrate, that many questions have not yet been clearly answered. However, the entire field of research involving endogenous substances, such as interleukin-1, is now moving ahead with great speed. Furthermore, there is some evidence which suggests that fever and the associated lower plasma zinc and iron levels act together as a co-ordinated non-specific host defence mechanism. Since experimental fever has a distinct effect upon the pharmacokinetics of drugs, more attention should be given to this aspect.     

恒河猴肾上腺皮质的显微与超微结构

应用光镜和透射电镜观察，恒河猴肾上腺皮质可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。其特点是：（1）被膜较发达，有时可伸入球状带将其细胞分隔为团块。（2）球状带有时呈指状指入束状带和网状带，其内可见嗜铬细胞；球状带细胞可分为明、暗2种类型，他们排列成团球状、滤泡状、索状和不规则形。（3）网状带较发达，有的可分为内、外2个区；有时网状带呈刺状伸入束状带；有时网状带细胞可见于被膜下或髓质内。（4）有时部分被膜连同皮质一起呈指状伸入髓质内。（5）皮质细胞均含丰富的溶酶体、线粒体和内质网，但不同部位的细胞所含的脂滴在数量、大小、形态和电子密度等方面存在差异。