蜂王浆生产新技术的研究--产浆王台中卵孵化率的研究

本文就蜂王产在特种巢脾台基中卵的孵化率和提高卵的孵化率等问题进行了研究,结果表明,(1)蜂王在特种巢脾在台基中产下的卵,无论是滞留在特种巢脾中还是分装到产浆框中,其孵化率都一样;(2)在奖励饲喂的情况下,无论是特种巢脾上台基中的卵还是产浆框上的,其孵化率均分别极显著高于无奖励饲喂的;(3)采用本探讨技术生产蜂王浆时应将具卵产浆王台滞留在特种巢脾内孵化,并应通过奖励饲喂提高卵的孵化率.     

Animal Biowarfare Research: Historical Perspective and Potential Future Attacks

A biological attack on livestock or poultry could result in the loss of valuable animals, costs related to the containment of outbreaks and the disposal of carcasses, lost trade and other economic effects involving suppliers, transporters, distributors and restaurants; however, it is not possible to secure all livestock, and livestock are much less well guarded than human targets. Thus, the vulnerability of the livestock industry to the introduction of biological agents varies for the following reasons: (i) the majority of lethal and contagious biological agents are environmentally resilient, endemic in foreign countries and harmless to humans, making it easier for terrorists to acquire, handle and deploy these pathogens, (ii) with animals concentrated in fewer production facilities and frequently transported between these facilities, a single pathogen introduction could cause widespread infection and (iii) the extent of human travel around the globe makes it difficult to exclude exotic animal diseases as possible biological agents. Historically, many governments have developed and planned to use biological agents for direct attacks on livestock or poultry. In the past, developed nations have actively developed biological weapons to target animals. The potential spectrum of bioterrorism ranges from isolated acts against individuals by individuals to tactical and strategic military attacks and state‐sponsored international terrorism intended to cause mass casualties in animals, humans or both. This review provides an overview of the past development and use of biological weapons and describes potential future attacks.     

牛粪不同堆储处理方法微生物数量变化的研究

以牛粪为原料,研究露天堆储、粪池堆储和遮雨堆储三种处理在不同时间段微生物变化规律,为合理有效的处理畜禽粪污提供科学参考.结果各处理在堆储过程中的微生物总数呈山型的变化,其中细菌的数量变化类似于微生物总数的变化;真菌的数量变化呈现一条类似于"W"型曲线;放线菌一直呈下降趋势;微生物总量在15、30、45、60、75 d,处理3与处理1和处理2 差异显著(P<0.05),第30 d处理2与处理1差异显著(P<0.05).     

CXCL8((3-73))K11R/G31P antagonizes the neutrophil chemoattractants present in pasteurellosis and mastitis lesions and abrogates neutrophil influx into intradermal endotoxin challenge sites in vivo

Toxic products such as reactive oxygen intermediates released by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) have an important role in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with the deposition of immune complexes (IC) in tissues. IC-induced activation of PMN requires adhesion mediated by integrin adhesion receptors. Of the integrins expressed on PMN, the beta(2) family has been found to be of particular importance for activation of PMN by IC. beta(2) Integrin ligand binding must be activated to enable adhesion to IC. Both activating and inhibitory signals regulate beta(2) integrin ligand avidity and adhesion. The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has been demonstrated to inhibit the activation of PMN in response to a variety of stimuli. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that cAMP-dependent signals inhibit beta(2) integrin-dependent adhesion of equine PMN to immobilized IC and subsequent adhesion-dependent activation of respiratory burst activity. Treatment of equine PMN with beta(2) adrenergic agonists isoproterenol or clenbuterol, which trigger an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration, inhibited adhesion of equine PMN to IC in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, inhibition of cAMP hydrolysis by the non-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pentoxifylline and the PDE 4-specific inhibitor rolipram inhibited adhesion of equine PMN to IC. Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels with pentoxifylline, clenbuterol and rolipram also inhibited IC-induced activation of respiratory burst activity in equine PMN. Importantly, co-treatment of equine PMN with rolipram and either beta(2) adrenergic agonist synergistically inhibited both the adhesion of equine PMN to IC as well as the subsequent respiratory burst activity.     

Genetic parameters for abnormal sucking traits in Austrian Fleckvieh heifers

Cross‐sucking and intersucking are considered abnormal behaviours in cattle and constitute a common problem in dairy farming. Cross‐sucking in calves is defined as sucking any body parts of another calf whereas intersucking in heifers and cows is defined as sucking the udder or udder area. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variability for abnormal sucking behaviour by estimating genetic parameters and examining individual differences between sires with large progeny groups. By means of a questionnaire, cattle breeders in the federal state Lower Austria were requested to identify all currently kept animals which are known of either inter‐ or cross‐sucking (both defined as the same binary trait ‘sucking’ with 0 and 1 referring to the absence and presence of this abnormal behaviour) or allowing sucking (also treated as a binary trait, scored as 1 if an animal was known of allowing herd mates to suck and 0 otherwise). Records of 1222 farms and 13 332 dual purpose Simmental females aged between 21 and 700 days were investigated applying a linear animal model with fixed herd × year × season and random genetic animal effect and a threshold sire model with the herd × year × season effect being treated as random. In total, 8.6% and 4.1% of all calves/heifers were observed sucking and allowing sucking, respectively. Heritabilities of 0.040 ± 0.014 and 0.007 ± 0.006 (linear animal model) and 0.116 ± 0.041 and 0.026 ± 0.024 (threshold model) were found for the traits sucking and allowing sucking, respectively. Breeding values were estimated applying the same models for the trait sucking. Taking all 254 sires into account, the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients between breeding values estimated by linear animal and sire threshold model were 0.86 and 0.80. Thus, little difference was observed between the two methods.     

Use of comparative proteomics to identify the effects of creatine pyruvate on lipid and protein metabolism in broiler chickens

Four hundred male chickens were selected to study the effects of pyruvate (Pyr), creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) and creatine (Cr) on the expression of hepatic mitochondrial and cytoplasm proteins associated with lipid and protein metabolism. Mitochondrial purification was accomplished using the two-step differential centrifugation and density gradient method, and the activities of organelle-specific marker enzymes were determined to assess the purity of the mitochondria. Proteins were extracted and fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and the differential protein spots were assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. CrPyr reduced fatty acid accumulation by down-regulating adipose differentiation-related protein, inhibited ATP synthase expression, and reduced cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression, thus reducing the levels of high density lipoprotein and triglycerol (TG) levels (thereby lowering fat and cholesterol deposition). CrPyr increased the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2B, calreticulin (CRT) and eIF3a, thus promoting protein synthesis. CrPyr up-regulated the expression of fatty acid-binding proteins, CETP and apolipoprotein A-IV in cytoplasmic extracts, and these proteins accelerated the decomposition of fatty acids and TG, thus reducing fat deposition. In conclusion, CrPyr plays an important role in lipolysis and protein synthesis, and this effect was more pronounced than was the effect of Pyr and Cr.     

自贸区动植检快筛实验室建设要素分析

基于前海蛇口自贸区动植物检疫工作的现状和需求,对自贸区动植检快筛实验室的建设要素进行了分析和探讨,提出了以快筛快检、生物安全监测和技术交流平台为主要功能,建立自贸区动植检快筛实验室,并在实验室的建立标准、质量控制和生物安全等方面提出了初步建议,以期为自贸区动植检快筛实验室的建设提供借鉴。     

安徽省2015年规模猪场高致病性蓝耳病定点监测与分析

[目的]掌握安徽省规模猪场高致病性蓝耳病的感染状况和免疫抗体水平。[方法]采用抗体阻断ELISA、荧光RT-PCR方法检测了24个猪场的588份血清样本和28个场点的790份组织样品。[结果]高致病性蓝耳病个体抗体免疫合格率为78.1%,群体免疫合格率为75.0%;中型猪场的平均免疫抗体合格率为87.1%、小型猪场为63.9%。高致病性蓝耳病病毒核酸个体阳性率为28.7%,群体阳性率为75.0%;中型猪场、小型猪场和生猪屠宰场的高致病性蓝耳病病毒核酸个体阳性率分别为41.7%、19.5%和6%。[结论]2015年安徽省规模猪场的高致病性蓝耳病抗体免疫合格率较高,但存在带毒现象,建议加强疫病的免疫和综合防控。     

鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝理化性状的比较研究

为了明确鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的理化性能,采用六个庄口的蚕茧分别缫制的鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝,进行生丝样品的器械检测.结果表明,来源不同庄口的鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝,其清洁、洁净、断裂强度、断裂伸长率、切断、丝胶溶失率等性能无明显差异,而干茧生丝的抱合性能优于鲜茧生丝.鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的热学性能和丝蛋白结构也无明显差异.