Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants

Background: The current study evaluated the subcutaneous fatty acid(FA) composition of calf- and yearling-fed stee with or without growth promoting implants. Crossbred steers(n = 112; 267 ± 5.0 kg) of the same contemporary group were allocated to one of four production system and implant strategy based treatments in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.Results: There were no interactions(P 0.05) between production systems and growth promoting implants for the total and individual subcutaneous FA. Yearling as opposed to calf finishing reduced(P 0.05) subcutaneous proportions of C20:3n-6, trans(t)12-18:1, C14:0, several minor cis-monounsaturated FA(c-MUFA; c9-14:1, c11-16:1,c11-18:1, c12-18:1, c13-18:1, c9-20:1 and c11-20:1), and increased(P 0.05) subcutaneous proportions of t11c15-18:2,total and individual branched-chain FA. Subcutaneous fat from steers implanted with growth promotants had higher(P 0.05) proportions of total polyunsaturated FA(PUFA), total n-6 PUFA, C18:2n-6 and individual t-18:1isomers(t6 to t10) compared to non-implanted steers.Conclusions: Overall, current findings show that production systems and growth promotants led to only minor differences in subcutaneous FA composition of beef steers.     

Impact of Probing the Reproductive Tract During Early Pregnancy on Fertility of Beef Cows

This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.     

畜牧兽医行政执法中证据收集应注意的问题

针对当前畜牧兽医行政执法中出现的突出问题,阐述了执法中证据收集应注意的问题并提出了改进措施。     

牛环形泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

为建立特异、敏感、快速的二温式PCR诊断方法,根据牛环形泰勒虫裂殖子表面抗原(tams1)基因,设计了一对特异性引物,扩增出大小为154 bp基因片段,经克隆、测序分析,与已知基因序列的相似性为96％.用建立的牛环形泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法,对从新疆牛环形泰勒虫病流行地区采集的50份全血样品进行诊断,阳性率为88％,而血涂片检出的阳性率只有58％.经试验验证,该方法具有特异性高、敏感性强、重复性和稳定性好等优点.表明本试验所建立的二温式PCR诊断方法可用于牛环形泰勒虫病的临床诊断、隐性感染检测和流行病学调查.     

Molecular diversity of Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni isolated from pigs at slaughter by flaA-RFLP analysis and ribotyping

A population of porcine isolates of Camplobacter jejuni (n = 11) and C. coli (n = 17) were examined for genotypic relatedness employing ribotyping, as well as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the flagellin (fla)A gene locus. PCR was employed to amplify a 533 bp fragment from the flaA gene, including the previously described short variable region (SVR), employing the novel primers, A2 and Al and successfully generated this amplicon for all wild-type strains examined (n = 28) of both C. jejuni and C. coli, as well as with both type strains, i.e. C. jejuni NCTC 11351 and C. coli NCTC 11366. Individual genotypes were assigned to each isolate typed employing the four typing methods (flaA-RFLP(Hae) III, flaA-RFLP(Pst) I ribotyping(Hae) III and ribotyping(Pst) I) and were assigned an arbitrary genotype code in ascending alphabetical order in comparison with a database of established genotypes for each of the methods employed. This study showed that several flaA-RFLP and ribopatterns existed within C. jejuni and C. coli, and demonstrated a heterogeneous diversity of strains occurring in the pigs examined. Ribotyping of strains with 16S and 23S rRNA with Pst I and Hae III digested chromosomal DNA allowed subdivision of strains into nine and eight groups, respectively. RFLP analyses with Pst I and Hae III digests probed with the flaA gene probe allowed subdivision of strains into eight and eleven subtypes, respectively. Employment of RFLP with the flaA nucleic acid probe and Hae III digests produced the greatest amount of variation of any genotyping scheme employed. Although there was a high degree of variability demonstrated by both typing methods, most isolates ( > 60%) clustered into four main genotypes, i.e. genotypes A-D. FlaA-PCR-RFLP typing demonstrated that the majority of isolates, 67.9 and 60.7%, were included in these four main genotypes for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively, although there was a high prevalence (7/11; 63.6%) of fla(Hae) III genotype A occurring within the C. jejuni isolates. Likewise, ribotyping studies demonstrated that most isolates were clustered into these four main genotypes, accounting for 81.5 and 60.7% of isolates for Pst I and Hae III restriction digests, respectively. This may indicate that the clonal population of campylobacters within this pig population is largely composed of persistent and dominant types, with a smaller number of hypervariable subtypes. Such data may useful in determining epidemiological routes of transmission of campylobacters from animal to animal, as well as helping to identify virulence determinants in persistent subtype populations.     

Inclusion body disease in two captive Australian pythons (Morelia spilota variegata and Morelia spilota spilota)

Two captive Australian pythons, one carpet and one diamond python, presented with signs of central nervous system dysfunction. The carpet python was agitated. Its head was tilting and it was incoordinated and had convulsions. It was treated with antibiotics and anthelmintics but was eventually euthanased after failing to respond to therapy. The diamond python had flaccid paralysis of the caudal half. It was not treated and became disoriented and died. Hepatocytes from both pythons contained irregular 2 to 10 m m eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The brain of the diamond python was not available for examination. Occasional neurones in the carpet python brain contained similar inclusion bodies and other changes suggestive of viral infection. The clinical signs and histopathological findings in both pythons were consistent with boid inclusion body disease.     

RZWQM2模型模拟地膜覆盖时间对棉田氮素迁移特征和氮肥利用效率的影响

[目的]地膜覆盖时间影响着棉田养分的迁移及氮素利用效率,我们尝试利用根区水质模型(root?zone water?quality?model-version?2,?RZWQM2)评估新疆绿洲棉田不同地膜覆盖时间下土壤氮素迁移特征和作物吸收利用率,为优化地膜覆盖方法提供理论依据.[方法]于2017—2018年在新疆进行了...     

JH Zero: New Naturally Occurring Insect Juvenile Hormone from Developing Embryos of the Tobacco Hornworm

A new insect juvenile hormone was isolated from developing embryos of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta. The new hormone was found with juvenile hormone I and is a 1-carbon homolog of this substance. The assigned structure is methyl (2E,6E,10-cis)-10,11-epoxy-3,7-diethyl-11-methyl-2,6-tridecadienoate, which constitutes a trishomosesquiterpenoid skeleton. This is the first chemical idetification of any juvenile hormone from insect eggs.     

单宁酶的研究进展

详细介绍了单宁酶的来源、生产、提取、纯化及其物理化学和生物学性质,并概述了它的固定化技术。     

降解地膜对南疆棉田土壤水热及棉花产量的影响

为探讨降解地膜对南疆棉田土壤水热及棉花产量的影响,选取3种氧化-生物双降解地膜[天壮1号(T-1)、天壮2号(T-2)、天壮3号(T-3)]及一种新型生物降解地膜(HS),以PE普通地膜为对照,通过测定棉田降解地膜的降解情况及土壤水热,计算其棉田耗水及土壤生长度日,筛选适宜南疆棉田生产的降解地膜。结果表明:在棉花进入吐絮期时,T-3和HS的降解率达88.6%和58.7%,而T-1和T-2仅为15.9%和13.4%。不同降解地膜对棉田的水热状况也存在一定影响,对于生育期总耗水量而言,T-3和PE的耗水量较大,为688.6 mm和690.7 mm,但T-3的耗水模数明显高于PE处理。在土壤生长度日上,4种降解地膜在棉花全生育期土壤生长度日均低于PE地膜,其中T-3和HS的土壤生长度日比PE地膜低了294.3℃·d和222.8℃·d。在棉花产量和水分利用效率上,T-1比PE高6.2%和7.2%,HS明显低于PE地膜,但T-3和PE地膜差异不大。综上,T-1和T-2增温保墒效果好,产量较高,但降解效果差。T-3降解速度较好,增温保墒的性能低于PE地膜,但能够满足作物对温度和水分的需求,使棉花产量和水分利用效率接近PE地膜。因此,在南疆棉田降解地膜T-3替代PE地膜应用于棉花生产具有一定的可行性。