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91.
A. Raphael Stern Ruth Ben-Arie 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):943-948
Summary‘Red Delicious’, the main apple cultivar grown in Israel, and ‘Jonathan’, grown on a smaller scale, are prone to substantial pre-harvest drop. Spraying both cultivars with the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-oxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) reduced pre-harvest fruit drop and increased yield. Application of 40 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA 2 weeks before anticipated harvest (WBH), or 30 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA at 4 and 2 WBH gave the best results, and were as effective as 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) which was the commercial product commonly in use until being withdrawn. There were no negative effects on fruit quality at harvest, or during 8 months of storage. Therefore 3,5,6-TPA can be recommended for routine use on ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apples in Israel. 相似文献
92.
93.
Rabelo L Monteiro N Serquiz R Santos P Oliveira R Oliveira A Rocha H Morais AH Uchoa A Santos E 《Marine drugs》2012,10(4):727-743
Cancer represents a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. Strategies inducing differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. Marine sponges are a biological reservoir of bioactive molecules, especially lectins. Several animal and plant lectins were purified with antitumor activity, mitogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral, but there are few reports in the literature describing the mechanism of action of lectins purified from marine sponges to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated with respect to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against HeLa, PC3 and 3T3 cell lines, with highest growth inhibition for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner (0.5-10 μg/mL). Hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC(50) (10 μg/mL) for both trials and twice the IC(50) for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. Results showed that lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results indicate the potential of CaL in studies of medicine for treating cancer. 相似文献
94.
Influence of stand,site and meteorological variables on the maximum leaf area index of beech,oak and Scots pine 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raphael Bequet Vincent Kint Matteo Campioli Dries Vansteenkiste Bart Muys Reinhart Ceulemans 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(2):283-295
Different multiple linear regression models of maximum leaf area index (LAImax) based on stand characteristics, site quality, meteorological variables and their combinations were constructed and cross-validated
for three economically important tree species in Flanders, Belgium: European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The models were successfully tested on similar datasets of experimental sites across Europe. For each species, ten homogeneous
and mature stands were selected, covering the species’ entire stand productivity range based on an a priori site index classification.
LAImax was derived from measurements of leaf area index (LAI) made by means of hemispherical digital photography over the whole
growing season (mid-April till end October 2008). Species-specific models of LAImax for beech and oak were mostly driven by management practice affecting stand characteristics and tree growth. Tree density
and dominant height were main predictors for beech, while stand age and tree-ring growth were important in the oak models.
Scots pine models were more affected by site quality and meteorological variables. The beech meteorological model showed very
good agreement with LAI at several European sites. Scots pine’s stand model predicted well LAI across Europe. Since the species-specific
models did not share common predictors, generic models of LAImax were developed for the 30 studied sites. Dominant height was found to be the best predictor in those generic models. As expected,
they showed a lower predictive performance than species-specific ones. 相似文献
95.
Jane M. Mutune Christian P. Hansen Raphael G. Wahome David N. Mungai 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(3):230-249
The study espoused the access analytical framework to investigate how introduction of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Kenya has changed the various actors’ ability to benefit from the forest resources of Eastern Mau Forest Reserve. Data collected through key informant interviews, and a household survey showed that implementation of PFM has triggered new income opportunities for forest adjacent communities in seedling production and beekeeping. However, PFM bestowed no real decision-making powers to the established Community Forest Associations (CFAs) over important forest resources such as timber and firewood. Members of the local communities and other actors have continued to access these resources through various structural and relational means, in the same way as before the introduction of PFM. Further, it is documented that PFM has introduced additional burdens on the local communities, especially the poorest households, as a result of increased enforcement of rules. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the PFM policy in Kenya, in its current form, is unlikely to realize its dual objectives of forest conservation and livelihood enhancement. To attain them would require a further devolution of rights to the CFAs. 相似文献
96.
97.
Leandro Maia Maria Vernica de Souza MV MS DS Raphael Bragana Alves Fernandes BS MS DS Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes BS MS PhD Matheus Werner de Souza Vianna Walcrisley Vercelli Luz BS MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(12):578-583
Pollution is a subject of worldwide concern and discussion and various areas of science are seeking to integrate their knowledge in an attempt to improve understanding of the harmful effects of modern human activities. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the potential for using the horse as a bio-indicator of environmental pollution. Blood and serum samples from 120 horses from locations with different degrees of urbanization and industrialization and the feeds used for these animals were analyzed to determine their heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn) content. The data obtained were compared. The results did not show increases in heavy metal concentration in the blood and serum of the horses with the intensification of urbanization and industrialization around the farms. Only Cd, as determined in the blood of the animals, showed a certain potential for using horses as bio-indicators of environmental pollution. The data for sex, age, and chemical composition of the foodstuffs supplied to the animals were not determinants in explaining the variation in the concentrations of heavy metals observed. 相似文献
98.
E Jacobson M B Calderwood T W French W Iverson D Page B Raphael 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1981,179(11):1231-1235
An antemortem diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made in a captive Eastern king snake and a rhinoceros viper. The Eastern king snake died on the 1st day after biopsy of a liver nodule, and necropsy revealed multiple tumor nodules throughout all major organ systems. The rhinoceros viper died after chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside. The major gross lesion was a large paracolonic coelomic tumor that extended into the adjacent musculature and subcutaneous tissue of the lateral abdominal wall. The immediate cause of death of the rhinoceros viper was believed to be severe renal tubular necrosis. 相似文献
99.
The carotenoid pigments of the date (Phoenix dactylifera) were investigated in 2 soft cultivars, ‘Hayany’ and ‘Barhee’, and in the semi-dry ‘Deglet Noor’. The total carotenoid content in the ripe fruit was 10–12 μg/g fresh weight. The carotenoid pattern in all investigated fruits was that of the chloroplast type, with only slight differences between the cultivars. Changes in the carotenoid pattern during ripening were followed in ‘Hayany’ and ‘Deglet Noor’. The total carotenoid content decreased drastically from 36.3 to 21.2 μg/g dry weight in the soft dates, and from 23.2 to 12.0 μg/g dry weight in the semi-dry cultivar. The carotenoid degradation may be due primarily to the loss of moisture during maturation, and is probably unrelated to the gradual darkening of the ripening fruit. The pattern of the retained carotenoids remained essentially similar.The vitamin A values of the 3 cultivars, expressed as retinol equivalents, were calculated. 相似文献
100.
ECC Celeghini RP de Arruda AFC de Andrade J Nascimento CF Raphael 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):479-488
This experiment was performed to develop and validate practical techniques for simultaneous evaluation of the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, as well as mitochondrial function in bovine spermatozoa using associations of fluorescent probes. Four protocols of fluorescent probes association were defined: protocol 1: propidium iodide (PI), fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC‐PSA) and rhodamine 123; protocol 2: PI, FITC‐PSA and MitoTracker Green FM (MITO); protocol 3: PI, Hoechst 33342 (H342), FITC‐PSA and CMXRos; and protocol 4: PI, H342, FITC‐PSA and JC‐1. Three ejaculates from each of the four bulls (n = 12) were utilized, showing sperm motility ≥80% and abnormal morphology ≤10%. The semen was diluted in Modified Tyrode’s medium (TALP) (25 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) and split into two aliquots, one sample was flash‐frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed. Samples for three treatments were prepared with the following ratio of fresh semen : flash‐frozen semen: 100 : 0, 50 : 50 and 0 : 100. Samples were stained in all four protocols and evaluated by epifluorescence microscopy. Protocol 1 did not result in a satisfactory stain, so it could not be validated. Protocols 2, 3 and 4 were validated and showed high determination coefficient to plasma membrane integrity (R2 = 0.95, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively), acrosome integrity (R2 = 0.95, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively) and mitochondrial function (R2 = 0.84, 0.93 and R2 = 0.93, respectively). These techniques are efficient for the simultaneous integrity evaluation of plasma and acrosomal membranes and mitochondrial function in bovine spermatozoa. However, JC‐1 has an advantage over MITO and CMXRos, as it separates two cell populations with high and low mitochondrial membrane potential. 相似文献