日本大豆引种四川盆地的品质评价研究

将原产于日本的17个大豆种质资源引种至我国四川盆地栽培,并对其引种前后的籽粒品质性状进行分析评价,探究引种大豆在四川盆地的适应性,以期为丰富西南大豆种质资源提供参考。品质性状变异分析结果表明,大豆异黄酮的变异系数大,除苷元外均达到30%以上,而其余性状的变异系数也均大于10%。与引种前相比,各供试大豆的可溶性蛋白含量普遍升高,而脂肪酸、可溶性多糖和异黄酮含量普遍降低。基于引种大豆11个品质性状的主成分聚类分析,将供试的17份种质资源划分为五大类,其中,Ⅰ类大豆为高脂肪酸品种,其生育期适中,亚油酸含量大于55‰,可作为高油脂杂交育种亲本材料加以利用;Ⅲ类大豆为高蛋白型品种,可作为豆制品开发原材料加以利用;Ⅴ类大豆为高异黄酮型品种,可作为功能性成分原料来源加以利用。     

ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

• Identification of bacteriocin sources• Classification of bacteriocins• Antiviral pathways of bacteriocinsThe COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.     

Acetylation of soybean lecithin and identification of components for solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide

There is a growing interest to develop environmentally friendly surfactants for utilization with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), which is a "green" solvent with many industrial applications. The goal of the present work was to separate the commonly used soybean lecithin into a phospholipid-rich fraction, acetylate this fraction, and then test its solubility in scCO2 to gauge its suitability as a surfactant for potential scCO2-based applications. Soybean lecithin was first purified by fractionation using acetone and ethanol and then acetylated with acetic anhydride. The acetylated lecithin was further purified by fractionation with acetone to separate the acetylated fraction from the nonacetylated fraction. High-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were utilized to characterize these fractions. The various acetylated phospholipid fractions were then tested for solubility in scCO2 under various pressures and temperatures using both a cloud-point and a Fourier transform infrared apparatus. Acetylation was found to increase the solubility of the phospholipids in scCO2, and N-acetylated phosphatidylethanolamine (NAc-PE) was found to be the most soluble component of the acetylated phospholipids.     

重庆地区酸性紫色土锌有效性及其影响因素研究

以重庆地区紫色土为对象,研究了重庆地区酸性紫色土Zn有效性及主要影响因素。结果表明:供试紫色土全Zn含量为40.2～89.6mg/kg,有效Zn含量在0.2～4.2mg/kg之间;用直线、幂函数和指数函数回归方程对影响有效Zn的主要土壤因素进行回归拟合,土壤有效Zn与土壤全Zn、有机质、全N含量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数依次为0.5243**、0.5308**、0.5097**;而与全P含量相关性显著(r=0.4637*);与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.5698**);通径分析表明,土壤理化性质对有效Zn的直接作用系数大小次序为全Zn全NpH,土壤全Zn对Zn有效性的直接作用最为明显。     

Production performance,immune response and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens fed diet incorporated with prebiotics

This experiment was conducted to identify the suitable replacer of broiler feed antibiotics with prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharides‐MOS or fructooligosaccharide‐FOS). Two hundred and forty (240)‐day‐old chicks were randomly divided into 30 groups (6 treatments x 5 replicates/treatment x 8 chicks/replicate). Six experimental diets T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₆ were formulated to contain an additional 0, antibiotic, that is, bacitracin methylene di‐salicylate (BMD) @20 mg/kg, MOS (0.1% and 0.2%) and FOS (0.1% and 0.2%) respectively. Body weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in MOS‐0.2% supplemented group at 0–21 d and 0–42 d of broiler chicken. Humoral and in vivo cell‐mediated immune response were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in BMD, MOS @0.1% or 0.2% treated group. Significant (p < 0.05) increase was recorded in total protein (except 21 d), albumin and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and decrease (p < 0.05) in alanine amino transferase (except 42 d), cholesterol and uric acid concentration. The weight of breast, thigh, back, drumstick bursa of Fabricius and thymus were higher (p < 0.05) in the birds given the MOS @0.2% (T₄). It is concluded that MOS @0.2% may be suitable replacer of antibiotic growth promoter, and it has a beneficial effect on production performance, immune responses, blood biochemical parameters and cut up parts in broiler chickens.     

Effect of amplitude and frequency on soil break-up by an oscillating tillage tool in a soil bin experiment

Experiments were conducted in a soil bin to study the effect of amplitude and frequency of an oscillating tillage tool on fragmentation of Kharagpur sandy clay loam soil. It was observed that the maximum utilization of energy occurs at an oscillation frequency close to the natural frequency of the soil. Therefore, optimum values of frequency and amplitude of oscillation were determined on the basis of maximum clod surface produced per unit of energy input. The oscillating tillage tool produced smaller soil aggregates than a non-oscillating one. At a given amplitude of oscillations, increase in frequency above the natural frequency of soil did not increase soil break-up further. At any frequency, soil break-up increased with increase in amplitude. At a tool oscillation frequency equal to the natural frequency of soil the equation MWD = A₀exp(−K₀r), where MWD is the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, r is the amplitude of the oscillations, A₀ is MWD of soil aggregates produced by an identical rigid tool and K₀ is a constant, described the data on soil break up adequately.     

Callus induction and in vitro plant regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under various conditions

The objective of the present study was to develop an effective protocol for optimum callus induction and complete plant regeneration for four varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) i.e., Super Basmati, Basmati-370, Basmati-371 and Fakhre Malakand. Calli were induced from mature seed scutelum. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Chu's N6 media containing hormone 2, 4-D (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in different concentrations were used for callus induction. Fakhre Malakand produced maximum calli on N6 media containing 3 mg L(-1) 2,4-D. while other three varieties showed maximum callus induction on N6 media containing 2.5 mg L(-1) 2,4-D. N6 media was found better than MS media for callus induction. For complete plant regeneration the calli of two varieties i.e., Basmati-370 and Basmati-371 were plated on N6 media containing different concentrations of NAA (1-Naphthalene acetic acid) and BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine). The maximum regeneration frequency (%) was observed on N6 media containing NAA 1 mg L(-1) and BAP 2.5 mg L(-1). It took 27-30 days for the callus to regenerate into a complete plant. Basmati-370 produced 4-7 plantlets per callus whereas Basmati-371 produced 4-8 plantlets per callus with regeneration frequencies of 61 and 69%, respectively.     

The effect of rotation speed on the power consumption and cutting accuracy of guided circular saw: Experimental measurement and analysis of saw critical and flutter speeds

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the effect of rotation speed and vibration response of a circular saw on the sawing process of Douglas-fir wood. An idling test was conducted on a guided circular saw to determine its stable operation speeds and vibration behavior. Short-time Fourier transform analysis was performed on saw idling test data, and variation of excited frequencies of the blade as a function of rotation speed was obtained. The saw blade critical speeds and the rotation speeds that correspond to saw flutter instability were identified. Then experimental cutting tests were conducted at different cutting conditions and the effect of rotation speed and saw vibration response on cutting power consumption and sawing accuracy was investigated. The results showed that conducting a saw idling test and vibration response analysis can identify the saw critical and flutter speeds, which is essential for identifying the optimum rotation speed of circular saw. There was a significant increase in power consumption when cutting at super-critical and super-flutter speed. The effect of rotation speed on sawing accuracy is complex and nonlinear. This effect interacts with feed speed, which makes it difficult to generalize sawing accuracy versus rotation speed in the circular sawing process.