Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis

Naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. Involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. Signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. Diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. Concurrent cryptococcal rhinitis was present in all cases, although involvement appeared limited to the caudal nasal cavity in most cases. Typical signs of nasal cavity disease, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, were often absent. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis should include physical dislodgement or debulking of lesion(s) to provide immediate alleviation of upper airway obstruction, followed by systemic antifungal therapy to eliminate residual infection from the nasal cavity. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii accounted for a disproportionately large number of these cases.     

The utility of Trichoderma spp. isolates to control of Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The invasive ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus germanus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a serious pest of hazelnut in Turkey, which is...     

The establishment and development of Haemonchus contortus in goats

Twelve goats were inoculated with 40,000 third-stage Haemonchus contortus larvae and two were killed on each of Days 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 after inoculation (DAI). The number of worms that established, and the site of development were recorded. More worms established in the fundic, than in the middle or pyloric thirds of the abomasum. Early development occurred within the mucosa; emergence into the lumen started between 7 and 11 days after infection. By 4 DAI, all worms had completed the third moult to the L4 stage. At 11 DAI the majority of the worms were adults. A mean of 13.2% of the female worms had eggs in their uteri at 18 DAI; by 21 DAI more than half of the female worms had eggs in their uteri. The development of H. contortus was essentially similar to that described in sheep.     

孟加拉涝原地区村林居住的宗教社团偏爱的乔木和灌木树种及使用的造林材料研究

2002年1月至6月对孟加拉涝原地区两个不同的宗教部落(印度教和穆斯林教)的传统家园森林进行了探索性研究，包括印度教和穆斯林教社团对树种(乔木和灌木)的偏爱度、类似性、造林材料及来源、植树地点和间距。研究发现Mangifera indica作为乔木树种，Ocimum sanctum作为灌木树种为印度教社团最喜爱的树种；Artocarpus heterophyllus和Lawsonia inermis分别为穆斯林社团最喜爱乔木树种和灌木树种。两中不同宗教社团选择乔木数种的相同性为86．57％，灌木树种为78．48％。两个宗教部落使用种子和苗木作为造林材料最多。乔木树种的造林材料主要来自家园(39％)灌木树种主要来自自然界(40％)。表3参27。     

Antibacterial compounds from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium

1-Methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(24beta)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene, isolated from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium, showed remarkable antibacterial activities against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of the bark extract of Careya arborea Roxb

The methanol extract of the Careya arborea Roxb. bark significantly reduced castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. This effect supports the local traditional use of the plant against diarrhoea.     

Alkaloids of Zanthoxylum budrunga

Pseudophrynamine, lunacridine and the new compound 2-(2',4',6'-trimethyl-heptenyl)-4-quinozolone were isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum budrunga.     

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from the seeds of Annona squamosa

Annotemoyin-1, Annotemoyin-2, squamocin and cholesteryl glucopyranoside were isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. These compounds and plant extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.     

The effect of Armillatox on the mycelial growth and rhizomorph production by Armillariella mellea in culture

Cultural studies have shown that unautoclaved Armillatox, a proprietary fungicide, when incorporated in an agar medium killed inocula of A. mellea mycelia at 550 ppm concentration and rhizomorphs at 50 000 ppm. Evidence on detoxification of Armillatox in agar culture and its probable role on new rhizomorph production is reported. Although Armillatox at 10000 ppm appeared to cause profuse production of new rhizomorphs in liquid culture, the difference in the dry weight between the treated and the control Samples has been found to be statistically insignificant.     

The severity and cause of leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. and fungicidal control of the pathogen

A survey on the symptom and severity of the leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata L. was conducted in the nurseries of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong （IFESCU）, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute （BFRI） and Aronnak Nursery in Chittagong. The highest infection percentage and disease index were found in IFESCU nursery, followed by BFRI and the lowest was recorded in Aronnak nursery. The associated organism of leaf spot disease of P. pinnata was isolated from the diseased plant parts and the pathogenicity was established with the isolated fungus. Colletorichum gloeosprioides Penz was proved to be pathogenic. The inhibition of mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was observed and identified as suitable fungicides （Bavistin, Cupravite and Dithane M-45） and doses （0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 and 2.00）. The lowest and highest mycelial growth were respectively found on Bavistin and on Cupravite at the concentration of 0.05 after 8th day of incubation. It indicates that out of the three tested fungicides, Bavistin showed most effective, followed by Diathane M-45, and Cupravite was ineffective for its very little inhibition on mycelial growth.