Seed viability monitoring is very important in ex situ germplasm preservation to detect germplasm deterioration. This requires seed-, time- and labor- saving methods with high precision to assess seed germination as viability. Although the current non-invasive, rapid, sensing methods (NRSs) are time- and labor-saving, they lack the precision and simplicity which are the virtues of traditional germination. Moreover, they consume a considerable amount of seeds to adjust sensed signals to germination percentage, which disregards the seed-saving objective. This becomes particularly severe for rare or endangered species whose seeds are already scarce. Here we propose a new method that is precise, low-invasive, simple, and quick, which involves analyzing the pattern of dehiscence (seed coat rupture), followed by embryonic protrusion.
Results
Dehiscence proved simple to identify. After the trial of 20 treatments from 3 rice varieties, we recognized that dehiscence percentage at the 48th hour of germination (D(48)) correlates significantly with germination rate for tested seed lots. In addition, we found that the final germination percentage corresponded to D(48) plus 5. More than 70% of the seeds survived post-dehiscence desiccation for storage. Hydrogen peroxide (1 mM) as the solution for imbibition could further improve the survival. The method also worked quicker than tetrazolium which is honored as a fast, traditional method, in detecting less vigorous but viable seeds.
Conclusion
We demonstrated the comprehensive virtues of dehiscence method in assessing rice seed: it is more precise and easier to use than NRSs and is faster and more seed-saving than traditional methods. We anticipate modifications including artificial intelligence to extend our method to increasingly diverse circumstances and species.
Postmortem radiographic examinations of animals are commonly performed in judicial investigations to rule out gunshot and fractures. However, there was no available data on radiographic postmortem changes of animals. Forty-one sets of abdominal radiographs of feline cadavers made within 12 h of death were evaluated for postmortem changes. Intravascular gas was detected in 11 of 41 (27%) cadavers. The most common site of intravascular gas was the liver. Intravascular gas was also present in the aorta, femoral artery, celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries, and caudal superficial epigastric artery. Intrasplenic gas was detected in two cadavers. Only two cadavers had distended small intestine. One cadaver had pneumatosis coli. The changes detected were most likely due to putrefaction. 相似文献
Ganges River dolphins (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) are air-breathing, warm-blooded mammals endemic to the Ganges and Karnaphuli rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Nevertheless, very little basic histomorphological research has been conducted on this endangered species. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the morphological features of different organs of P. gangetica. Despite becoming aquatic animals, they showed similarities with terrestrial mammals, such as the pair of lungs and an apical bronchus in the respiratory system, which are pretty standard in ruminants and pigs. However, unlike the terrestrial animal, the tracheobronchial tree was stiffer due to circularly arranged anastomosing plates of the hyaline cartilaginous ring in the trachea, cartilaginous plates in the bronchiole, and thick alveolar septa. The digestive system showed a three-chambered mechanical and glandular stomach similar to the artiodactyles. However, the intestine showed smaller caecum like the monogastric mammal. The urogenital system showed lobulated kidneys, a urinary bladder, a fibroelastic penis with sigmoid flexure, and a long urethral process similar to some terrestrial ruminants. Considering the aquatic environment, all those modifications, unlike terrestrial mammals, are necessary for their adaptation. Thus, this research will broadly help our clinicians and conservationist to take further steps toward disease diagnosis and monitoring of marine health of this endangered species. 相似文献
Research conducted on shoot dieback of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, during the early 1980's in west Scotland is summarised. The dieback symptoms and their stages of development are described. Ramichloridium pini de Hoog and Rahman was regularly isolated from bark and xylem tissue of dieased shoots. Artificial inoculations established that this fungus was the cause of the disease. 相似文献
(+)-Catechin, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl alcohol and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamyl alcohol were isolated from the barks of Loranthus globosus. All compounds showed significant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. 相似文献
Empirical information regarding the role of homestead forests in household economy is essential in understanding the importance
of these resources. Identification of the factors that affect homestead forest production and understanding forest owners'
attitudes toward key forest management issues have great significance in making appropriate policy responses to manage these
resources on a sustainable basis. In Bangladesh, homestead forests are claimed to play an important economic role in rural
livelihoods, but no reliable quantitative information exists. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of homestead
forests in the household economy, examine if forest production and income vary across landholding size classes, to explore
the relationships of homestead forest production with species richness, education level, and household size, and to assess
the attitude of homestead forest owners toward key forest management issues. Results show that homestead forests contribute
15.9% of the household income and generate 51.4 man-days of employment per household per year. Production of homestead forests
significantly varies across landholding size classes. It was observed that forest production depends significantly on species
richness of homestead forests and the education level of forest owners. However, no such relationship was found between forest
production and household size. The study revealed that farming families depend more on forest income than nonfarming families.
Attitudes of forest owners toward key forest management issues differ significantly across landholding size classes. For example,
although the majority of the forest owners prefer fruit species to timber species, the percentage of respondents decreased
as the landholding size class increased, while the opposite trend was observed for timber species. The findings of this study
suggest that diversification of forests and extension of education amongst forest owners would improve forest production.
Furthermore, forest policy should address the concerns of the forest owners in different landholding classes and focus on
their specific requirements to enhance sustainable forest management. 相似文献
The ethanolic extract of Clausena excavata leaves, given orally at doses of 125.25 and 500 mg/kg body weight, showed significant antinociceptive activity on acetic acid induced writhing in mice. 相似文献
The methanol extract of Enhydra fluctuans, given orally at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg, was evaluated for its analgesic activity using the acetic acid induced writhing and the tail-flick methods. The extract showed promising activity in both tests. 相似文献