微生物产赖氨酸的研究进展

赖氨酸是人和动物营养的9种必需氨基酸中的第一必需氨基酸,广泛应用于医药、食品和饲料等领域。发酵法是目前生产赖氨酸最主要的方法。文章从赖氨酸的生产现状、生物合成途径、代谢调控,育种等方面阐述了微生物生产赖氨酸的研究进展。     

奶牛乳房炎抗性基因TAP cDNA克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法从奶牛乳腺组织中扩增气管抗菌肽(TAP)基因,重组到pMD19-T Simple载体中,并进行序列分析。序列分析结果显示,克隆的TAP基因包含完整的开放阅读框(ORF) 195 bp,与牛TAP基因同源性达93.8%;该ORF编码的64个氨基酸,含有β-防御素特征性结构即6个在特定位置上的保守半胱氨酸残基。TAP基因cDNA完整开放阅读框的克隆,为进一步开发应用重组牛β-防御素奠定了基础。     

黔产龙胆不同部位中龙胆苦苷的含量测定

为了对贵州栽培药材龙胆的质量评价及用药部位的选择提供参考,测定了龙胆不同部位(根、茎、叶)的龙胆苦苷有效成分含量.结果表明,龙胆不同部位中龙胆苦苷的含量分别为:根3.633 %、茎1.256 %,叶1.958 %,达到了<中国药典>2005版规定的含量标准(龙胆苦苷含量不得低于1 %),栽培药材龙胆可作为商品来源替代野生中药材龙胆.     

不同鲜叶摊放处理对夏秋茶香气品质的影响

对夏秋绿茶鲜叶（单芽、一芽二三叶、单片及对夹叶）采用3种不同的鲜叶处理过程,对加工得到的毛茶进行感官审评比较,并采用顶空微萃取结合GC-MS对毛茶香气成分进行分析比较。结果表明,经3种处理的夏秋茶鲜叶加工而成的毛茶香气品质都得到明显的改善。处理后的单芽茶中酯类的数量及种类明显增多,形成具有强烈而令人愉快的花香;一芽二三叶毛茶的香气成分种类和数量都大大高于对照组;单片及对夹叶的毛茶经处理后,粗老味减弱,青气消失,花香显现。通过增加调温调湿摊放、摇青、晒青/摇青等处理过程,可以明显改善夏秋茶的香气品质。     

几种微生物菌剂处理下连作黄瓜的生长分析

采用盆栽法研究了4种微生物菌剂(连茬王、护根宝、金宝贝、木霉菌肥)处理对连作黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明:4种菌剂处理下连作黄瓜的各项生长指标均较对照有所提高;木霉菌肥和护根宝处理明显提高了连作黄瓜的相对生长率、净同化率、叶面积指数、群体光合势及群体生长率;连茬王处理对黄瓜叶重比及叶片厚度具有明显的促进效应。综合各菌剂对连作黄瓜地上部生长的改善效果,依次为木霉菌肥护根宝连茬王金宝贝。     

Effects of HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis on hypoxia-induced migration and adhesion of progenitor cells

AIM: To observe the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) of SD rats and to investigate the role of HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis on hypoxia-induced migration and adhesion of progenitor cells to PAECs. METHODS: Immunomagnetic beads were used to separate and purify the CD34⁺/CXCR4⁺ progenitor cells derived from the peripheral circulation of SD rats. The expression of HIF-1α and SDF-1 in PAECs exposed to hypoxia (1% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 94% N₂) was detected by immunofluorescence, Western blotting and ELISA. The migration index and adhesion rate were measured in the progenitor cells, which were subjected to the following different treatments: (1) normoxia (21% O₂); (2) hypoxia 12 h; (3) hypoxia 12 h +HIF-1α inhibitor (2ME2); (4) hypoxia 12 h+SDF-1 neutralizing antibody; (5) hypoxia 12 h+2ME2+SDF-1 neutralizing antibody.RESULTS: The expression of HIF-1α and SDF-1 in PAECs was effectively induced by the hypoxic exposure, and both of them reached the peak levels after 12 h of hypoxic treatment (P<0.01), while administration of 2ME2 decreased the hypoxia-induced SDF-1 expression (P<0.05). Treatment of the PAECs with 2ME2 or SDF-1 neutralizing antibody attenuated the migration index and adhesion rate of progenitor cells to the PAECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a HIF-1α/SDF-1 signaling axis in hypoxia-exposed PAECs, which may play a crucial role in the migration and adhesion of progenitor cells to PAECs.     

低亚麻酸高油大豆沈农11号的选育及高产栽培技术

沈农11号系沈阳农业大学以辽豆3号为母本,冀豆4号为父本杂交选育而成的大豆新品种,该品种籽粒粗蛋白含量40.71%,粗脂肪含量22.44%,籽粒亚麻酸含量为2.3%,属于低亚麻酸高油大豆品种。2008年通过辽宁省作物品种审定委员会审定。     

文冠果类型综合评价指标体系的构建

【目的】构建文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolia不同类型的评价指标体系,为类型评价、实现分类经营提供依据。【方法】在掌握文冠果生物学特性及类型划分的基础上,应用层次分析法构建优良类型综合评价指标体系。【结果】综合评价指标体系由目标层、控制层和指标层组成。目标层由生长性状、种子及果实性状、产量性状、产油性状、物候期性状组成。指标层由19个具体指标组成。应用层次分析法、特尔斐法、指数综合评价法确定了各评价指标的权重和评价方法。利用该指标体系对内蒙古赤峰地区文冠果各类型进行评价的结果显示:花朵类型中,单瓣白花型和单瓣红花型的得分较高,分别为3.96和2.75;果实类型中,大球果型得分最高(3.98),其次是圆柱果型(3.67)、三棱果型(3.50),这3类为入选的丰产高油优良类型。【结论】所建立的评价指标体系能满足以油用为目的的文冠果优良类型选择要求。     

天津市不同种植年限蔬菜地土壤水分特征对比研究

通过对天津市辛口镇蔬菜种植区不同种植年限(5年以上、10年以上及15年以上)土壤水分特征的比较分析后得知:(1)随着种植年限的延长,3种蔬菜地土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、萎蔫含水量及有效水含量逐渐下降,种植5年以上的蔬菜地土壤,尤其是淀积层及母质层土壤的水分吸持能力高于种植10年以上和种植15年以上.(2)相比种植5年以上的蔬菜地土壤.种植15年以上的蔬菜地土壤总库容、贮水库容、有效水库容和无效水库容发生不同程度的水分亏缺.(3)随着种植年限的延长.蔬菜地土壤的孔隙减少,土壤结构变差,土壤的水分保持、供释能力及开发、利用潜力逐渐下降.该结果可为天津这种干旱地区的蔬菜地土壤,特别是耕作层土壤改良及水分的合理有效利用提供参考     

Effects of Ufra Disease on Yield Loss of Deepwater Rice in Bangladesh

Abstract

Ufra, caused by the stem nematode, Ditylenchus angustus (Butler, 1913) Filipjev, 1936, is a serious disease of deepwater rice in southern Bangladesh. It was studied between 1977 and 1979 as part of a joint project with the Overseas Development Administration at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Three symptom types are distinguished according to the extent of panicle emergence: Ufra1 (none), Ufra2 (partial) and Ufra3 (complete). All three represent total loss from that panicle. The number of Ufra2 as a percentage of the total number of panicles present in a specified area is selected as a disease index (UfraII). A function relating yield to the level of UfraII is proposed on the basis of selective samples from a field with a well-defined ufra patch. This function is compared with another derived from random samples in different fields along a linear transect through an area where ufra is endemic. Loss of panicle density, i.e. panicles/m², is identified as a major component of yield loss, approximately equal to the loss associated with all three symptom types added together. Although severe and widely distributed throughout the southern part of the deepwater rice region in 1977 and 1978, it was very difficult to find in 1979 when there was a spring drought. Ufra is worse in wet years, in areas which flood early, and where the crop is harvested late. The length of the over-winter decay phase appears to be a critical factor regulating the survival of the pathogen from one season to the next. This suggests an approach for ufra control.