渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土地资源合理利用对策分析

本文对干旱区内陆河流域下游具有代表性的渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲土地资源特征和存在的问题进行了详细的分析 ,分析表明 ,土地资源数量大、质量差、利用率低 ,土壤类型多 ;草场面积大、质量差 ;森林覆盖率低、疏林、灌木林比重大 ;土地利用中存在结构不合理 ,特别是林业、畜牧业比重偏低 ,绿肥和饲料作物面积过小 ;土壤次生盐渍化严重、土壤肥力下降 ,经营管理粗放、单产水平不高 ;草场面积锐减 ,森林资源破坏严重 ,保护绿洲的能力下降。在此基础上 ,提出了优化农业用地结构 ,提高土地利用综合效益 ;增加对农业用地开发利用的投入 ,促进农业用地由粗放型向集约型的转变 ;保护和更新胡杨林 ;保护和建设草场 ;大力治理盐碱 ;发展节水灌溉农业 ,提高水资源利用效益 ;扩大绿洲规模 ,加快城市化建设等持续合理利用土地资源的对策。     

优质茶树新品种——磐茶1号

磐茶1号是从群体种木禾种中采用单株选育法育成的新品种.植株灌木型,中叶类,中生种.春茶一芽一叶期比福鼎大白茶稍晚.春茶产量比福鼎大白茶高76.6％,比龙井43高99.6％.适制多种名优茶,品质优.制烘青绿茶,外形紧结略卷曲、嫩绿带翠显毫,汤色浅嫩绿清澈明亮,香气高鲜显花香,滋味甘醇鲜爽,叶底肥嫩较嫩绿明亮.抗寒性中等,...     

A study on processing of natural fibers by underwater shock wave treatment and its characteristics

Fiber quality is very important for all the steps of the textile area. Underwater shock wave has been utilized for metal, wood, food processing and medical applications and renewed and increased application during the last decade. The main object of this study, is to demonostrate underwater shock wave as a surface treatment of natural fibers such as jute and cotton in form of yarn and to report characterized properties of the treated fibers. The underwater shock wave was generated by the explosion of the detonation fuse in the water tank. The process of bubble generation and expansion inside the water results in the formation of shock wave. Natural fibers were exposed to shock wave treatment depending on the different pressures and detonatinon fuse separation distance. After shock-loading, fibers were selected for physicomechanical and physicochemical tests such as Scaning Elecron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, breaking strength, moisture behavior, permeability and wicking test. The maximum effect with improved moisture content, permeabilty and wicking properties were observed from 100 MPa. The treated fiber showed high performance necessary for use in woven and non woven purpose.     

两种新疆羊肚菌的分类学鉴定

[目的]对新疆霍城县大西沟采集的两种形异羊肚菌(XJURML4和XJURML5)进行分类鉴定.[方法]用真菌专一引物ITS1f和ITS4扩增两菌ITS区并进行序列分析.[结果]XJURML4 ITS片段1 130 bp( EU086775),XJURML5 ITS片段1 127 bp(EU086776).两菌的ITS2区100;相似,而ITS1区仅有4 bp差异.BLAST比对测序结果发现XJURML4和XJURML5与近缘种宽圆羊肚菌(MorcheLLa esculenta (L.:Fr.)Pers.var.rotunda Pers.:Fr.)的同源性为99.28;和98.65;;NJ法构建进化树分析ITS序列,两菌也跟宽圆羊肚菌类聚在一起.随机引物OPA3进行RAPD扩增,共产生出六条带,二条相同,剩余四条为多态性条带,表明两菌基因组上也有差异.[结论]ITS区序列和进化树分析、OPA3 - RAPD标记技术均表明两菌是宽圆羊肚菌种内的新变种,而与传统形态学鉴定结果不一致.     

直播生物沙障固沙成效研究

在呼伦贝尔沙地采用网格状生物活沙障直播技术具有明显的固沙效果。跟踪调查表明：直播3年植物盖度为55%,杨柴平均高度增加到78.3 cm,沙障网格中心平均风蚀下降到0.2 cm。并且随着沙障生长时间的延长,能够迅速形成不同类型的结皮,形成＂结皮肥岛效应＂。     

水牛α-乳清蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

根据报道的奶牛α-乳清蛋白基因核苷酸序列设计和合成4对引物,采用PCR扩增的方法克隆并测定了水牛α-乳清蛋白全基因的核苷酸序列.结果表明,克隆的水牛α-乳清蛋白基因全长3 038 bp,包括5′侧翼区,3′侧翼区,3个内含子和4个外显子(该序列已被成功提交到GenBank,序列接收号为EU422984).核苷酸序列比对结果表明,水牛α-乳清蛋白基因与报道的奶牛该基因的核苷酸序列同源性为97.53 %.水牛α-乳清蛋白成熟肽的氨基酸序列与奶牛相比有两个氨基酸的差异.与奶牛相比,水牛α-乳清蛋白基因5′调控区发生了多处插入突变和碱基替换突变,这些插入和替换突变可能与水牛乳汁中α-乳清蛋白的高水平表达有关.     

施用糖蜜酒精废液对土壤理化性质的影响研究

采用室内培养方法,研究了施用糖蜜酒精废液对土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,土壤施用糖蜜酒精废液后,土壤的pH和土壤容重都有所下降,土壤有机质、有效氮、速效钾、有效镁的含量随糖蜜酒精废液施用量的增加而明显提高,显示糖蜜酒精废液可以作为液体肥料施用.蔗地施用酒精废液,可以减少酒精废液对环境的污染,从而变废为宝.     

因子分析法在文冠果优良单株选择中的应用

应用因子分析法,对文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolia 374个单株的种子产量、果实鲜质量、结果数、百果质量、出籽率以及种子含油率进行分析,依性状累积方差贡献率达到90.55%以上,提出了2个反映文冠果产量、含油率的主因子及其函数式.通过计算各单株的主因子得分值,选择出了综合经济性状优良的单株37株,并利用聚类分析方法将参试群体划分为4类.其结果与单株的实际表型相近似.     

柑橘栽培品种（系）DNA指纹图谱库的构建

 【目的】构建柑橘栽培品种（系）的DNA指纹图谱数据库,为建立柑橘种苗纯度及真实性鉴定技术体系和技术规范奠定基础。【方法】利用SSR标记和ISSR标记对102个柑橘栽培品种（系）进行DNA指纹分析,筛选适合的特征引物,构建柑橘栽培品种（系）的指纹图谱数据库。【结果】从200对SSR引物中筛选到重复性好、多态性丰富的12对引物作为柑橘品种（系）鉴定的特征引物,12对SSR特征引物组合可鉴别42个品种（系）;在此基础上,对未出现SSR特征指纹的60个品种（系）进行ISSR指纹分析,从40个ISSR引物中筛选到2个可用于品种鉴定的特征引物,结合SSR标记,可快速、准确地鉴别70个柑橘的品种（系）。并利用这12对SSR特征引物和2个ISSR特征引物构建了70个柑橘栽培品种（系）的DNA特征指纹图谱数据库。【结论】SSR和ISSR标记适于构建柑橘栽培品种DNA指纹图谱库;指纹图谱库的建立为柑橘种苗纯度及真实性鉴定奠定了基础。     

Simultaneous Extraction and Fractionation of Fish Oil from Tuna By-Product Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2)

ABSTRACT

Fish oil was extracted and simultaneously collected into six fractions based on molecular weight and the chain length of triglycerides in terms of fatty acid constituents without splitting of the triglycerides, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) at optimized conditions of 40 MPa, 65°C, and a flow rate 3 mL min^?1. In each type of fractionation, the first fraction (F1) was rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA; 52.57 to 61.26%), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; 22.17 to 23.22%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; (0.54 to 20.37%); the sixth fraction (F6) was rich in PUFA (48.93%), followed by MUFA (33.59%) and SFA (13.61%). It was obvious that short-chain fatty acids were extracted at an earlier fraction; therefore, the latter fractions were dominant in long-chain fatty acids, especially MUFA and PUFA. Thus, omega-3 fish oil (last three fractions) was successfully separated to be used as a value-added health product.