气温对贵州油桐物候期变化的影响

为贵州生态环境的变化及监测等提供参考,分析了贵州岑巩、江口、黎平3个农业气象台站1983-2005年的气温对油桐物候期变化的影响。结果表明:油桐物候的早晚存在明显的地域性差异;气温与春季物候期总体上呈显著负相关,即气温越高物候期越早;气温与秋季物候期呈显著正相关,即气温越高物候期越迟。春季物候期平均每10a提早2～10d,秋季物候期平均每10a延后2～7d。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测畜禽粪污中四种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

为了建立高效液相色谱-荧光测定畜禽粪污中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星残留的分析方法,将畜禽粪便样品经乙腈超声提取,再经正己烷液-液萃取,并经氮吹浓缩,乙腈与水混合溶解残渣,过微孔滤膜,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测,以0.01 mol/L四丁基溴化胺(pH 3.0)/乙腈(94/6,V/V)为流动相,于激发波长280 nm、发射波长480 nm处进行检测。结果表明,畜禽粪污样品中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的平均回收率为77.8%～98.2%,相对标准偏差为3.5%～7.2%,检测限为0.005～0.010μg/kg。该方法简便、快速,可满足畜禽粪污中4种喹诺酮类兽药残留量的同时检测。     

柑橘吹绵蚧的发生规律及防治技术

连续4年(2007～2010年)对柑橘吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi Citri)的发生规律进行调查,并进行药剂防治试验。结果表明,吹绵蚧暴发的主要原因是管理粗放和病虫害防治不力;防治柑橘吹绵蚧应结合该虫的发生情况,采用综合防治技术。     

文心兰设施栽培中蜗牛和蛞蝓为害规律及综合防治

介绍了海南文心兰设施栽培中蜗牛和蛞蝓的种类、发生及为害规律,并提出以物理隔离法(水碗法、矿泉水瓶法)为主,辅以毒饵诱杀、药剂防治、农业防治和生物防治等措施相结合的综合防治技术.     

Genetic variation of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) in sheep and goats from Malaysia and Yemen

The large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus, commonly known as "the barber's pole worm", is a blood-sucking nematode found in the abomasa of sheep and goats. This work is the first documentation on the ND4 sequences of H. contortus from sheep and goats in Malaysia and Yemen and the results provide a preliminary insight on the genetic differences of H. contortus found in the two countries. In general, this study showed a high degree of diversity and low population structure of this species within the same country in comparison with higher genetic structuring at a wider geographical scale. The results also showed that the majority of genetic variance was within H. contortus populations. The Malaysian sheep and goat populations investigated appeared to share the same isolate of H. contortus while different isolates may be found in Yemen which must be taken into account in the design of an effective control strategy. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) confirmed that all samples investigated in this study belonged to H. contortus. However presence of other Haemonchus species parasitizing these two hosts can only be confirmed by further detailed studies.     

美国首座国家公园——黄石国家公园

美国黄石国家公园成立于1872年,1978年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产目录》。此自然生态保护区地处美国中西部洛矶山山脉的熔岩高原上,属寒温带高原气候。由于数十万年前的火山喷发及流水冲蚀,园内形成惊人的地形、地貌;且园内森林茂密、绿草如茵,是全美最大的动物栖息地之一．园内采取特色的生态管理,目前已有超过6000万人...     

Agroforestry for Livelihood Security in Agrarian Landscapes of the Padma Floodplain in Bangladesh

In the Padma floodplain of Bangladesh, the traditional system of agriculture has become unsustainable due to high population growth. Mango-based agroforestry which has been practiced by the farmers since the 1990s, is a promising alternative and is considered as one of the few options to lift farmers out of poverty and improve livelihood security. This paper examines the potential of mango-based agroforestry to improve livelihoods, using data collected by rapid rural appraisal, farmer participatory research, stakeholder analysis and a farm household survey in six representative villages in the floodplain. Farmers with the least land were found to allocate a higher percentage of their land to agroforestry, and the increased income from agroforestry compared to other agricultural systems helps reduce relative poverty. This income maintains basic household needs, providing food security and fuelwood, and contributes to healthcare, housing and sanitation conditions, and meeting educational expenses.     

Production, Economics, Employment Generation and Marketing Pattern of Rattan-Based Cottage Enterprises: A Case Study from an Urban Area of North-Eastern Bangladesh

Rattan, an important non-timber forest product, is a flexible palm used in weaving baskets or furniture. Rattan is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for furniture that can be moved often. Bangladesh has a large number of rattan-based enterprises. This paper reports a case study carried out in Sylhet City Corporation of north-eastern Bangladesh, exploring the production, financial profitability and marketing of rattan-based products, and the problems and priorities of rattan-based enterprises as well as their potential contribution to employment opportunity. A sample survey was conducted of 58 randomly selected rattan-based enterprises with entrepreneurs personally interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Based on the total investment, the enterprises were divided into large, medium and small categories. Three origins of rattan (Local, Myanmar and Indonesia) and five species were used by the enterprises to produce 29 rattan-based product types. Rattan products were divided into three basic categories, viz. domestic utensils, domestic decorative articles and others for which uses are not specific. Among the three rattan origins, processing cost of local and Myanmar rattan species products was less and more articles were sold than for Indonesia rattan species. Financial analysis indicated that rattan-based enterprises are a profitable and attractive option for local socio-economic development. Entrepreneurs’ views on major problems and issues in rattan-based product trading and suggested measures to improve the condition of rattan-based enterprises also collected. Rattan-based enterprises will generate more domestic revenue, foreign exchange and employment if policies are adopted to provide the enterprises with a reliable source of raw materials and technical and financial assistance from Government to NGOs to sell the products, and expand market facilities in both local and international markets.     

Anti-diabetic potential of ursolic acid stearoyl glucoside: a new triterpenic gycosidic ester from Lantana camara

A new stearoyl glucoside of ursolic acid, urs-12-en-3β-ol-28-oic acid 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-4′-octadecanoate and other compounds were isolated from the leaves of Lantana camara L. The structure of this new glycoside was elucidated and established by standard spectroscopic methods. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats it showed significant reduction in blood glucose level.