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Daniel M. Sakai Manuel Martin-Flores Marta Romano Chia T. Tseng Luis Campoy Robin D. Gleed Jonathan Cheetham 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):246-253
Objective
To determine if neuromuscular monitoring at the pelvic limb accurately reflects neuromuscular function in the larynx after administration of rocuronium in anesthetized dogs.Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
Six healthy Beagle dogs.Methods
Anesthesia was maintained in dogs with isoflurane and a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Rocuronium (0.6 mg kg?1) was administered intravenously to induce neuromuscular block. Train-of-four (TOF) impulses were applied to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLn) and the peroneal nerve (Pn). The evoked TOF ratio (TOFR; T4:T1) was measured with electromyography (EMG) simultaneously at the larynx and at the pelvic limb. Spontaneous recoveries of T1 to 25% (T125%) and 75% (T175%) of twitch height, and to TOFR of 0.70 and 0.90 (TOFR0.90) at each EMG site were compared.Results
Data from five dogs were analyzed. Times to T125% were similar at the pelvic limb and larynx when measured by EMG; time to T175% was slower at the larynx by 6 ± 4 minutes (p = 0.012). The larynx had a slower recovery to TOFR0.70 (41 ± 13 minutes) and TOFR0.90 (45 ± 13 minutes) than did the pelvic limb [29 ± 8 minutes (p = 0.011) and 33 ± 9 minutes (p = 0.003), respectively]. When the pelvic limb EMG returned to TOFR0.70 and TOFR0.90, the larynx EMG TOFR0.70 and TOFR0.90 values were 0.32 ± 0.12 (p = 0.001) and 0.38 ± 0.13 (p = 0.001), respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevance
After administration of rocuronium, neuromuscular function assessed by EMG recovered approximately 36% slower at the larynx than at the pelvic limb. The results in these dogs suggest that quantitative neuromuscular monitoring instrumented at a pelvic limb may be unable to exclude residual block at the larynx in anesthetized dogs. 相似文献14.
Equine amnionitis and fetal loss: The case definition for an unrecognised cause of abortion in mares
KH Todhunter NR Perkins RM Wylie C Chicken AJ Blishen DJ Racklyeft G Muscatello MC Wilson PL Adams JR Gilkerson WL Bryden AP Begg 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(1-2):35-38
A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL. 相似文献
15.
González-de-la-Vara Mdel R Valdez RA Lemus-Ramirez V Vázquez-Chagoyán JC Villa-Godoy A Romano MC 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(3):216-221
Dairy cattle suffer stress from management and production; contemporary farming tries to improve animal welfare and reduce stress. Therefore, the assessment of long-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function using non-invasive techniques is useful. The aims in this study were: to measure cortisol concentration in cow and calves hair by radioimmunoassay (RIA), to test cortisol accumulation in bovine hair after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) challenges, and determine the influence of hair color on cortisol concentrations. Fifteen Holstein heifers were allotted to 3 groups (n = 5 each): in control group (C), just the hair was sampled; in the saline solution group (SS), IV saline solution was administered on days 0, 7, and 14; and the ACTH group was challenged 3 times with ACTH (0.15 UI per kg of body weight) on days 0, 7, and 14. Serum samples from the SS and ACTH groups were obtained 0, 60 and 90 min post-injection. Serum cortisol concentration was greater 60 and 90 min after injection with ACTH. Hair was clipped on days 0, 14, 28, and 44. Hair cortisol was methanol extracted and measured by RIA. Hair cortisol was preserved for 11 mo. Hair cortisol concentrations in the ACTH group were greater than in the saline and control groups on days 14 and 28, but not on day 44. Concentrations were greater in calves than in cows and greater in white hair than in black hair. Cortisol accumulated in bovine hair after ACTH challenges, but the concentration was affected by both age and hair color. If hair color effects are taken into account, assessing cortisol concentration in hair is a potentially useful non-invasive method for assessing stress in cattle. 相似文献
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Roupie V Viart S Leroy B Romano M Trinchero N Govaerts M Letesson JJ Wattiez R Huygen K 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):74-85
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), the etiological agent of chronic enteritis of the small intestine in domestic and wild ruminants, causes substantial losses to livestock industry. Control of this disease is seriously hampered by the lack of adequate diagnostic tools and vaccines. Here we report on the immunogenicity of eight Map specific antigens, i.e. MAP1693c, Ag3, MAP2677c (identified by post-genomic and immunoproteomic analysis of Map secretome) and Ag5, Ag6, MAP1637c, MAP0388 and MAP3743 (identified by bioinformatic in silico screening of the Map genome). Strong, antigen-specific IFN-γ responses were induced in mice vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding MAP1693c, MAP1637c, MAP0388 and MAP3743. In contrast, T cell responses in Map infected mice were directed preferentially against Ag5 and to a lesser extent against MAP3743. None of the tested DNA vaccines conferred protection against subsequent challenge with Map. 相似文献
18.
Diego A. Portela Marta Romano Gustavo A. Zamora Fernando Garcia-Pereira Luisito S. Pablo Bonnie J. Gatson Alana N. Johnson Pablo E. Otero 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):116-124
ObjectiveTo compare the perioperative use of analgesics and complication rates in dogs administered an erector spinae plane (ESP) block or a traditional opioid-based (OP) treatment as part of analgesic management during hemilaminectomy.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsMedical records of 114 client-owned dogs.MethodsGeneral data included demographics, duration of procedure, number of laminae fenestrated, perioperative use of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Intra- and postoperative analgesics used in 48 hours and complications rates were compared between groups. Opioid use was expressed in morphine equivalents [ME (mg kg?1)]. Continuous data were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and incidence of events with a Fisher's exact tests. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate association between perioperative ME consumption (dependent variable) with other independent variables. Data are presented as median (range). Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsGroup ESP comprised 42 dogs and group OP 72 dogs. No differences were observed in the general data. Intraoperative ME was 0.65 (0.20–3.74) and 0.79 (0.19–5.60) mg kg?1 in groups ESP and OP, respectively (p = 0.03). Intraoperative infusion of lidocaine was administered intravenously (IV) to 23.8% and 68% of groups ESP and OP, respectively (p < 0.0001). Intraoperative infusion of ketamine was administered IV to 21% and 40% of groups ESP and OP, respectively (p = 0.04). Regression analysis revealed the ESP block as the only independent variable affecting the perioperative ME consumption. Pharmacological intervention to treat cardiovascular complications was administered to 21.4% and 47.2% of dogs in groups ESP and OP, respectively (p = 0.008). There were no differences in postoperative complication rates.Conclusions and clinical relevanceESP block was associated with reduced perioperative opioid consumption, intraoperative adjuvant analgesic use and incidence of pharmacological interventions to treat cardiovascular complications in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. 相似文献
19.
Follicular Dynamics in Heifers during Pre-pubertal and Pubertal Period Kept under Two Levels of Dietary Energy Intake 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MA Romano VH Barnabe JP Kastelic CA de Oliveira RM Romano 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):616-622
The objective of this study was to characterize follicular dynamics in pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal periods, as well as the effect of high-energy intake on follicular development and age at puberty in heifers. Thirty-one Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers, 6 months old, were randomly assigned to receive two different diets: one of low (GI) and other of high dietary energy intake (GII). Animals were evaluated in relation to body weight gain by being weighed every 21 days. Heifers were evaluated every other day by real-time linear ultrasonography to characterize ovarian structures development from weaning to post-pubertal period. Blood samples were collected to determine plasmatic concentrations of progesterone by RIA method. The ovulation was determined when progesterone concentrations were >1 ng/mL in three consecutive samples, and by ultrasound images of corpus luteum; and oestrous behaviour in some animals. Age at puberty differed among heifers of GII (17.00 +/- 0.46 months) compared with heifers of GI (19.87 +/- 0.47 months; p < or = 0.05). Maximum size of the dominant follicles at pre-pubertal period was greater in GII heifers than in GI (10.52 +/- 0.33 and 9.76 +/- 0.15 mm, respectively; p < or = 0.05). As heifers approached first ovulation time, size of dominant follicle increased (11.75 +/- 0.37 mm for GI and 12.52 +/- 0.91 mm for GII; p < or = 0.05). Body weight at puberty was not different in both groups (302.33 +/- 27.31 kg for GI and 326.19 +/- 27.78 kg for GII heifers; p > 0.05). We conclude that animals receiving high dietary energy intake attained the puberty earlier and the development of follicles were different than in low dietary energy intake. 相似文献
20.
K Deichsel H-O Hoppen RM Bruckmaier G Kolm C Aurich 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(2):117-122
Lactation in the mare is associated with changes in the release of metabolic as well as reproductive hormones. Plasma glucose concentration is constantly reduced in lactating compared with non-lactating mares. Several metabolic signals have been proposed to link nutrition and somatic metabolism with reproductive function. The following experiment was performed to study the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on the release of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in cyclic mares. Different doses of insulin (0.1 and 0.2 IU/kg body weight) were given to induce a decrease in plasma glucose concentration, as existent in lactating mares. All horses treated with insulin developed a hypoglycaemia over a time period of nearly 10 h. The IGF-1 and LH were analysed before and after insulin administration. At no point of time, a significant difference between the two insulin treatments and the control treatment was observed. Therefore, the hypoglycaemic horse is apparently able to provide the brain with sufficient glucose. Short-term hypoglycaemia does not affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, and concentrations of IGF-1 and LH remained stable during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. An acute change in plasma glucose concentration is thus not or at least not the only metabolic signal that links nutrition and somatic metabolism with reproductive function in the horse mare. 相似文献