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KIRK WENDELBURG DVM JON DEE DVM MS DipiomateACVS ROBERT KADERLY DVM PhD DipiomateACVS LARRY DEE DVM RICHARD EATON-WELLS BVSC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(3):128-134
Acetabular fractures in 26 racing Greyhounds were reviewed. All fractures occurred during racing or training and were unrelated to any external trauma. All fractures had similar configurations, were minimally displaced, and involved only the acetabulum. Affected dogs were young (16-36 months). Fractures occurred unilaterally (22 dogs) and bilaterally (4 dogs). There was no sex predilection, and both right and left sides were equally represented. Bilateral fractures were associated with retraining between the occurrence of the first and second fractures. Radiographically, a fracture line was consistently visible in the caudal third of the acetabulum. Fractures in gross specimens resembled an inverted "Y." Results of histologic evaluation of two fractured acetabula showed changes characteristic of a nonunion fracture. Microfractures were evident in the grossly normal acetabulum opposite the fractured side. Evidence obtained from this study suggests a common pathogenesis of the fractures related to tremendous repetitive stresses produced during running. Greyhounds with unilateral acetabular fractures may provide a reproducible model for future studies of stress fractures in animals and humans because of the high incidence of bilateral fractures that develop during retraining. Surgical repair of the acetabular stress fracture was more successful than conservative management in returning the dogs to competitive racing. 相似文献
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Shannon A. RICHARD Eric A. TILLMAN John S. HUMPHREY Michael L. AVERY M. Rockwell PARKER 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(5):460-469
Animals communicate with potential mates using species‐specific signals, and pheromones are powerful sexual signals that modify conspecific behavior to facilitate mate location. Among the vertebrates, snakes are especially adept in mate searching via chemical trailing, which is particularly relevant given that many snake species are invasive outside their native ranges. Chemical signals used in mate choice are, thus, potentially valuable tools for management of invasive snake species. The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is an invasive snake in the Florida Everglades where it is negatively impacting native fauna. In this study, we sought to: (i) determine if males can follow conspecific chemical trails in a Y‐maze; and (ii) describe the mate searching behaviors exhibited by males while trailing. All males consistently followed a single female scent trail in the maze, but when only a male scent trail was present they did not discriminate between the male and blank arms. Rate of tongue‐flicking, a proxy for chemosensory sampling, was also marginally higher when males were following female versus male scent trails. However, when both female and male scent trails were simultaneously present in the Y‐maze, males did not show a preference for the female arm, although the tongue‐flick rate was higher in the female‐only trial compared to female versus male. Analyses of multiple male behaviors individually and using an ethogram revealed that behaviors were more frequent and complex in the female‐only trials compared to male‐only trials. Additional behavioral trials are needed to determine if an effective pheromonal approach to Burmese python management is possible. 相似文献
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RICHARD REARDON BVetMed MARTIN KUMMER DrMedVet Diplomate ECVS CHRISTOPH LISCHER DrMedVet Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):537-542
Objective— To report a novel technique for cervical vertebral fusion in a foal with cervical vertebral malformation (CVM).
Study Design— Case report.
Methods— A 3-month-old Warmblood filly with ataxia, weakness, and stenotic myelopathy at the level of the articulation of the 6th (C6) and 7th (C7) cervical vertebrae had a 7-hole broad locking compression plate (LCP) applied to the ventral aspect of C6 and C7 using seven 5.0-mm locking screws. Revision surgery was required to replace the self-drilling screws, which had migrated, with longer non self-drilling screws. Fusion and growth of the vertebrae were monitored radiographically at 4, 10, and 16 months using radiography and the filly was followed for 32 months.
Results— The filly recovered well from the surgical procedures and by 30 months had improved by 2.5 neurologic grades. Ventral inter-central joint fusion was evident by 10 months. Continued vertebral growth occurred in all but the cranial physis of the C7 vertebral body.
Conclusions— A ventrally placed LCP provided adequate support for fusion and stability of cervical vertebrae.
Clinical Relevance— Use of an LCP applied ventrally offers an alternative to basket use in small or immature horses for fusion of cervical vertebrae. 相似文献
Study Design— Case report.
Methods— A 3-month-old Warmblood filly with ataxia, weakness, and stenotic myelopathy at the level of the articulation of the 6th (C6) and 7th (C7) cervical vertebrae had a 7-hole broad locking compression plate (LCP) applied to the ventral aspect of C6 and C7 using seven 5.0-mm locking screws. Revision surgery was required to replace the self-drilling screws, which had migrated, with longer non self-drilling screws. Fusion and growth of the vertebrae were monitored radiographically at 4, 10, and 16 months using radiography and the filly was followed for 32 months.
Results— The filly recovered well from the surgical procedures and by 30 months had improved by 2.5 neurologic grades. Ventral inter-central joint fusion was evident by 10 months. Continued vertebral growth occurred in all but the cranial physis of the C7 vertebral body.
Conclusions— A ventrally placed LCP provided adequate support for fusion and stability of cervical vertebrae.
Clinical Relevance— Use of an LCP applied ventrally offers an alternative to basket use in small or immature horses for fusion of cervical vertebrae. 相似文献
68.
SOFIA CERDA-GONZALEZ NATASHA J. OLBY RICHARD BROADSTONE SUSAN MCCULLOUGH JASON A. OSBORNE 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):467-476
Syringomyelia is an important morbidity source in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Although abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow secondary to Chiari malformations is thought to cause syringomyelia in humans, this relationship is unknown in dogs. We used phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to evaluate CSF flow in dogs. Fifty-nine Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were assigned a neurologic grade reflecting their neurologic status. Five normal control dogs of other breeding were imaged for comparison. The presence of syringomyelia was noted from sagittal MR images. The pattern and velocity of CSF flow were assessed using phase-contrast cine MRI at the foramen magnum, C2–C3 disc space, and within syrinxes. Flow was measured most easily with the neck flexed to mimic standing. CSF flow velocity in the dorsal aspect of the subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum was significantly higher in control dogs than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels ( P =0.035). Flow was obstructed at the foramen magnum in 41 of 59 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Turbulent flow and jets were associated with syringomyelia presence and severity, and CSF flow velocity at C2/3 dorsally was inversely related to the presence of syringomyelia ( P =0.0197). Peak dorsal subarachnoid space CSF flow velocity at the foramen magnum and C2–C3 were together highly predictive of syringomyelia. CSF flow can be assessed in dogs using phase-contrast cine MRI. Obstruction to flow at the foramen magnum is common in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and CSF flow pattern and velocity are related to the presence of syringomyelia. 相似文献
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RICHARD D. BRODEUR ELIZABETH A. DALY ROBERT A. SCHABETSBERGER KATHRYN L. MIER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(5):395-408
The feeding habits of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the northern California Current were examined using samples from two different time periods (1980–85 and 1998–2003) of highly contrasting oceanographic conditions. The goal was to test the influence of interannual and interdecadal changes in taxonomic composition of prey, feeding intensity, and size spectra of teleost prey. Analyses were done for samples taken both early in the summer (June) shortly after the salmon enter the ocean, and also in late summer (September) following some ocean residency. Fish prey dominated coho salmon diets by weight during most years, but this trend was more pronounced during the 1980–85 sampling period. In terms of numerical composition, the diets were more variable on an interannual basis, but decapod larvae and euphausiids were important prey in most years. Pteropods and copepods were important prey during weak upwelling or El Niño years, whereas euphausiids were important during strong upwelling or otherwise highly productive years. Hyperiid amphipods comprised a substantial proportion of the diets only in 2000. Coho salmon showed highly significant differences in prey composition among years or between decades both in weight and numerical composition. The percentage of empty stomachs was highly variable by year in both June and September, but was significantly different only for September between decades. In contrast, an index of feeding intensity did not show many significant changes in either comparison. However, the relative size ratios for fish prey consumed were highly variable by year, and larger than average fish prey were consumed during 1998, leading to the highest feeding intensity observed. 相似文献