卡隆卡水电站钢岔管结构优化与设计

根据卡隆卡水电站的工程规模和特点,选用内加强月牙肋钢岔管,利用自行编制的计算机辅助设计程序进行岔管体彤的优化设计,并采用三维有限元法对所设计的岔管进行计算分析.计算结果表明,经过优化设计的钢岔管结构安全、合理,不仅可以满足运行要求,而且使最大管壁厚度减小为32 mm,与直径的比值为2.3%,分别小于规范规定的36 mm和t/d值为2.5%(Q390钢).可以满足钢材冷加工的要求,解决了高水头、小直径钢岔管加工工艺上的困难.     

杂交水稻夷优180的选育与应用

夷优180系福建省南平市农业科学研究所用自主选育的三系不育系夷A与恢复系南恢180配组而成的杂交中稻新品种。经多年在福建省各地试验、试种表现群体整齐、适应性广、产量高、抗性好等特点,2014年通过福建省农作物品种审定。简述了杂交水稻夷优180的选育及应用。     

Model construction of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats. METHODS: CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method. The morphological characteristics were observed under optical microscope. The marker proteins of CASMCs, including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence technique. The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP, the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical "hill and valley" growth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d. The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed. The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG (1 and 2 μmol/L) treatment groups was increased compared with control group. Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method. ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.     

Effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

AIM:To observe the effects of capsaicin on cognitive impairment and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) of hippocampal CA1 area in the rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), and to investigate the underlying molecule mechanism of cognitive defects induced by ischemia. METHODS:Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats(n=48) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group,CCH model (CCH) group, capsaicin group,and solvent group, 12 rats in each group. Capsaicin at 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks, starting on the 7th day after surgery. The rats in solvent group were given the same amount of solvent at the same time and under the same conditions. Morris water maze, object recognition test and open field test were conducted to analyze the cognitive related behavior performance on the 4th week after surgery. The changes of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed under transmission electron microscope, the co-localization of the MAMs was observed by immunofluorescence double-labeling, and the expression of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in the hippocampal tissue was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:Four weeks after the operation, the behavior tests showed that the cognitive function of CCH rats was impaired compared with sham operation group. Compared with solvent group, spatial learning and memory in capsaicin group was improved significantly. The results of transmission electron microscope and confocal microscope showed that the distance of MAMs in the hippocampal CA1 area of CCH rats was increased compared with sham operation group, and the co-localization of the contacts was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the correlation between the mitochondria and ER in capsaicin group was increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Mfn2 in CCH group was significantly lower than that in sham group (P<0.05). Compared with solvent group, the protein level of Mfn2 in capsaicin group was higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:CCH rats showed decreased cognitive function and loosen MAMs. Capsaicin improves the cognitive behavior of CCH rats by up-regulation of MAMs.     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

小麦、玉米秸秆不同预处理产沼气试验研究

为探讨秸秆不同预处理产气量及甲烷含量的变化规律,本试验在实验室分别用沼液、绿秸灵预处理玉米及小麦秸秆,共设置六个处理进行秸秆沼气发酵试验。结果表明:在常温并保持相同浓度和C/N比的发酵条件下,单位质量干物质产气率(TS产气率)及甲烷含量的大小顺序均为:玉米秸秆+绿秸灵>玉米秸秆+沼液>小麦秸秆+绿秸灵>小麦秸秆+沼液>玉米秸秆CK>小麦秸秆CK,各处理间的差异达到显著水平,其中采用绿秸灵预处理秸秆的产气效果优于用沼液预处理的效果。在采用相同的预处理前提下,玉米秸秆的干物质产气率(TS产气率)及甲烷产气率(TSCH4产气率)均大于小麦秸秆的干物质产气率(TS产气率),表明玉米秸秆比小麦秸秆更适宜于沼气发酵。     

岩溶山地石漠化地区不同土地利用方式下的土壤物理性状分析

分析研究了重庆市北暗区岩溶槽谷鸡公山地区不同土地利用方式下的土壤主要物理性质,认为随着岩溶地区土地由自然林地向草坡地、人工林地、菜地、耕地转换,土壤砂化严重,土壤容重增加,总孔隙度,尤其是非毛管孔隙度明显降低,用干筛测得的各不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体结构相差不大,而用湿筛测得的土壤水稳性团聚体相差较大,团聚体结构破坏率较大。随着岩溶地区土地由菜地、耕地向撂荒地转换,土壤各项物理指标都有改善。在此基础上认为,土壤物理性质的变坏与石漠化形成过程有相互促进的正反馈关系,在退化方向和阶段上具有一致性和同步性,但土地撂荒后可以较大程度的减少水土流失。     

杀线虫苏云金芽胞杆菌NBIN-863高含量悬浮剂的研制

目前我国微生物农药原药生产技术已达到甚至超过发达国家水平,但制剂技术却存在较大差距,主要体现在剂型结构不合理、制剂质量差、农药助剂种类及品种少、剂型加工工艺总体水平还比较落后等方面。苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bt)等功能微生物产品的市场容量及应用效果与剂型是密切相关的。为了明确新型生物杀线剂NBIN-863的最佳施用剂型,特开展此试验。通过对防腐剂、分散剂、悬浮剂等不同助剂的选择,研制了一种高含量Bt悬浮剂(5.2×10⁹～7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL)。配方优化试验表明,在Bt发酵液中加入0.4%防腐剂山梨酸钾、1.0%分散剂硅酸镁铝、4.0%悬浮剂木质素磺酸钙,用盐酸调节p H至4.5,54℃热储前芽胞数最高为7.9×10⁹ CFU/mL,对秀丽隐杆线虫活性最高,LC₅₀为2.83 mg/L,对黄瓜根结线虫田间防效达68.64%。综合各指标,尤其是对秀丽隐杆线虫的半致死浓度,杀线虫NBIN-863悬浮剂(7.9×10⁹CFU/mL)效果最好,不仅流动性好,而且耐贮藏,是防治作物根结线...     

围垦对滨海稻田土壤N2O还原潜力的影响

稻田湿地生态系统的N₂O还原消耗潜力对缓解大气温室气体效应具有重要意义,而滨海自然湿地围垦改造成稻田后耕层土壤的N₂O还原速率及其微生物机制却鲜有报道。选取崇明岛光滩湿地为对照（WK0）,比较研究不同围垦年限（19、27、51、86 a）的围垦区稻田耕作层土壤N₂O还原速率演替规律及其微生物数量变异特征。结果表明,土壤总有机碳含量（TOC）随围垦年限增长而显著增加,而土壤pH值、SO₄^2-浓度和EC值则均随围垦年限增长而呈逐渐下降趋势。土壤N₂O还原速率随围垦年限增长而显著增加,其中围垦86 a稻田土壤达到25.5 μg N₂O·g^-1·d^-1,与光滩湿地相比增加了58.4%。定量PCR结果发现,功能基因nosZ Ⅰ和nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数也随着围垦年限增长而显著增加,其中围垦86 a的稻田土壤功能基因分别为1.72×10⁸ copies·g^-1和4.36×10⁸ copies· g^-1,比光滩湿地稻田高出一个数量级。相关性分析发现土壤N₂O还原速率与功能基因nosZ Ⅰ拷贝数呈显著正相关,而功能基因nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数随围垦年限的增加率远高于功能基因nosZ Ⅰ;N₂O还原速率、功能基因nosZ Ⅰ、nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数与3个土壤理化指标（pH、EC、SO₄^2-）均呈负相关。因此,围垦造田促进了滨海湿地土壤N₂O还原过程,而功能基因nosZ Ⅰ数量的大幅增加是N₂O还原速率增加的重要原因。