Preliminary field trials with 2,4-D ester, barban and tri-allate applied in spray volumes of 5–20 l/ha

A machine is described for experimental application of herbicides in volumes of spray liquid in the range 5–20 I/ha and at a uniform drop size. Uniformity of distribution is comparable to that from a conventional small-plot sprayer working under optimal conditions. The machine was used to apply 2,4-D ester, barban and tri-allate. Subsequent biological assessments revealed no major loss of effectiveness in weed control when compared with applications in 165 or 200 I/ha sprayed through hydraulic fan nozzles as in contemporary field practice. Essais préliminaires au champ avec l'ester du 2,4-D, le barbane et le triallate appliqués en pulvérisation avec un volume de 5 à 20 l/ha Un appareil est décrit pour l'application expérimental d'herbicides en pulvérisation avec un volume de liquide alla de 5 à 20 I/ha et une taille uniforme de gouttes. L'uniformité de la distribution est comparable à celle d'un pulvérisateur pour petites parcelles travaillant dans des conditions optimales. L'appareil a été utilisé pour appliquer du 2.4-D ester, du barbane et du triallate. Des essais biologiques effectués & la suite des traitements ont montré qu'il n'y avait pas de perte importante d'efficacité herbicide par comparaison avec des traitements appliqués avec 165 ou 200 1/ha en utilisant les buses S fente en usage dans la pratique actuelle des traitements au champ. Vorläufige Feldversuche mit 2,4-D Ester, Barban und Triallat mit Brühemengen von 5–20 l/ha Es wird ein GerSt beschrieben mit dem versuchsmässig Herbizide mit Brühemengen zwischen 5 und 20 1/ha bei gleichbleibender Tropfengrösse ausgebracht werden können. Die Gleichmässigkeit der Verteilung lässt sich mit der eines unter optimalen Bedingungen arbeitenden Parzellenspritz-geräts vergleichen. Mit diesem Gerät wurden 2,4-D Ester, Barban und Triallat ausgebracht. Die darauffotgende bio-logische Früfung zeigte keinen wesentlichen Verlust in der Wirksamkeit der Unkrautbekämpfung, verglichen mit den gegenwärtig üblichen Verfahren mit 163 oder 200 l/ha und Flachstrahldüsen.     

Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats

Conjunctival swab specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 horses, 25 cows, 50 dogs, and 25 cats without keratitis or other ophthalmologic problems. Fungi were isolated from 95% of the horses, 100% of the cows, 22% of the dogs, and 40% of the cats. Aspergillus spp were isolated from 56% of the horses, 12% of the cows, 8% of the cats, and none of the dogs. Penicillium spp and Cladosporium spp were isolated ubiquitously. Collectively, 28 species from 209 isolants were identified.     

Analysis of genomic mutation and immunohistochemistry of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in canine vascular tumours

We examined whether mutation of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PDGFR)‐α and PDGFR‐β genes contributes to their overexpression in canine vascular tumours. Genomic sequences of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β were analysed with immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction‐direct sequencing using DNA from paraffin‐embedded neoplastic tissues of 27 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) and 20 hemangiomas (HAs). Immunohistochemically, 75% of the HA cases were positive for PDGFR‐α and almost most of the HA cases were negative for PDGFR‐β. Of the HSA cases, 55.6% were negative for PDGFR‐α and 63% were strongly positive for PDGFR‐β. Among the HA cases, 1 missense mutation was detected in PDGFR‐α exon 18 and 1 in PDGFR‐β exon 17. Two HSA cases had missense mutations in exon 14 and 1 in exon 17 of PDGFR‐β. Thus, genomic mutation of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFRs was not the main mechanism driving the activation of receptors in HSA and HA.     

Effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on laying performance,egg quality,blood biochemistry and immune response of organic laying hens

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different probiotic micro‐organisms on the performance, egg quality and blood parameters of organically reared hens. A total of 900 16‐week‐old Hy‐Line layer hybrids were randomly assigned to three groups of 300 birds each. The control (CTR) group was fed a corn–soya bean cake‐based diet; the L group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.1% Lactobacillus acidophilus, while the B group was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.05% Bacillus subtilis. Data were recorded at the beginning (weeks 5 and 6: T1) and at the end (weeks 19 and 20: T2) of the experiment, and no differences in hen performance were recorded between dietary groups or sampling times. All of the investigated clinical chemistry parameters, except GGT, were affected by diet (p < 0.05), with the best results recorded for the probiotic‐treated groups. The immune‐response values showed higher blood bactericidal activity in the B and L groups at T2 (p < 0.05) and a lower lysozime concentration in the B group at T1. Higher antibody production against Newcastle disease virus was observed in the L group compared to the CTR (p = 0.013). No differences in oxidative status were recorded, and no effects of diet on egg quality were observed. Among the physical egg characteristics, only the Roche scale colour was affected by diet (p < 0.05): the egg yolk was paler in the L group. The age of the hen was the most relevant factor affecting physical egg characteristics. The chemical parameters of the egg were almost unaffected by supplementation with probiotics except for the lipid content, which decreased with the L diet (p < 0.05). Both probiotic inclusions had beneficial effects on hen metabolism and welfare, and L. acidophilus induced the best immune response.     

藕炭疽病病原及生物学特性

 该病为国内首次报道,在南宁、贵港等市县近年来有日趋严重之势。4~5月见病,夏秋时节病重,病叶率达70%以上。