衍生化气相色谱法检测瘤胃液和青贮液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸

利用手性衍生化试剂L-薄荷醇和气相色谱柱前衍生化,将瘤胃液和青贮液中L-和D-乳酸对映体转化为酯类非对映体对,建立同时分析发酵液中乳酸对映体和挥发酸的气相色谱检测方法。样品乳酸对映体的质量浓度在0.05~10.00 mg/mL范围内时,标准曲线的决定系数分别达到R2=0.999 5和R2=0.999 6。乳酸对映体的回收率为96.15%~108.24%,且相对标准偏差小于5%。采用本方法检测瘤胃液和青贮液样品的L-和D-乳酸对映体含量,并且与酶学检测法进行比较,2种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。发酵液中挥发酸经衍生化处理,可以与L-和D-乳酸对映体在同一色谱条件下检测,各组分在0.05~5.00 mg/mL范围内线性良好,R2=0.998 2~0.999 4。乳酸对映体和挥发酸的色谱分析在6 min完成。     

鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局沿水分梯度的变化

为揭示鄱阳湖湿地苔草群落的构建机制,选择灰化苔草(Carex cinerascens)群落作为研究对象,通过设立3条样带调查不同水分梯度的群落物种多度,选用断棍模型(BSM)、生态位优先占领模型(NPM)、优势优先模型(DPM)、随机分配模型(RAM)和生态位重叠模型(ONM)5个生态位模型对群落种-多度关系进行拟合,结果表明,1)灰化苔草群落可按土壤水分划分为高湿度、中湿度和低湿度3组,分别对应从湖边、湿地中间和湿地边缘的梯度分布;2)从高到低的水分梯度上,灰化苔草群落的物种数先增加后降低,优势种多度逐渐增加,物种多度分布曲线由相对平缓变为陡峭;3)高湿度灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局的最佳拟合模型为BSM,中、低湿度的理想模型转变为NPM。研究认为,水分条件的变化是灰化苔草群落物种多度分布格局改变的主因,随着水分梯度降低,群落构建的生态学过程由随机生态位变为生态位优先占领。研究为鄱阳湖湿地多样性保育和生态功能管理提供了理论参考。     

海南岛红树林湿地土壤有机碳分布规律及影响因素研究

以海南岛为例,选择环岛东、西、南、北四个方向的典型红树林群落,对土壤进行取样,测定土壤有机碳含量,计算土壤有机碳密度。通过对比群落结构、土壤理化性质、不同区域的自然条件,探讨红树林土壤有机碳的分布规律以及影响碳储量的主要因素。研究表明,土壤有机碳分布特征在垂直方向上差异显著,土壤有机碳含量最大值出现在20~40 cm,土壤有机碳密度最大值出现在0~20cm;不同群落类型土壤有机碳含量存在明显差异,以东寨港红树林为例,海莲群落土壤有机碳含量最高,为20.89±6.75 g kg-1,人工无瓣海桑林最低,为12.71±3.62 g kg-1,进一步相关分析显示,土壤有机碳含量与群落植株胸径和基盖度呈显著正相关,与株高无关;在空间分布上,表现为东方四泌湾文昌清澜港儋州新英湾海口东寨港三亚湾。最后结合海南岛红树林面积,得出海南岛红树林土壤有机碳总储量为2.39×106t。     

3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机

针对现代果园低矮密植的种植特点,设计了3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机。通过理论计算和虚拟样机技术,完成整机结构设计和各关键部件技术参数的确定。设计了适应于低矮密植果园的圆环双流道风送雾化装置,确定叶轮直径0.7 m、出风口宽度0.13 m。实现风机转速0～2 000 r/min的无级变速。田间试验结果表明,树膛内部枝叶正、反面雾滴附着率分别为61.22%、20.90%;树膛外部枝叶正、反面雾滴附着率分别为77.22%、37.17%;作业效率为1.02 hm2/h。     

Dissipation and residue of ethephon in maize ifeld

A rapid and reliable method was developed for analysis of ethephon residues in maize, in combination with the investigation of its dissipation in ifeld condition and stabilities during the sample stora...     

不同采伐、集材方式对林地土壤理化性质影响的研究

选择５种不同集材方式的皆伐作业与采伐强度为３０％的择伐作业,进行土壤理化性质指标变化程度的比较。在考虑各种作业的集材量和集材道面积的情况下,经主成分分析得出不同采伐、集材方式对林地土壤理化性质的干扰程度。认为,以皆伐作业手扶拖拉机集材为最大,其次为皆伐作业土滑道集材,其余依次为皆伐作业半悬索道集材,皆伐作业手拉板车集材,皆伐作业全悬索道集材,最低为择伐作业人力集材。     

Erratum to: Interaction mechanism and kinetics of ferrous sulfide and manganese oxides in aqueous system

Journal of Soils and Sediments -     

干旱胁迫与抗蒸腾剂对喜树几项生理指标及喜树碱含量的影响

经过12d的干旱胁迫，喜树叶内Fpro和MDA含量分别升高了46．7％和19．06％，是同期对照的138．93％的117％；Pn降为负值；Tr和Sc显著下降，降低幅度分别为58．28％和75％；且随着胁迫时间的延长，变化幅度逐步增大。抗蒸腾剂可有效地缓解胁迫对喜树的不良影响。短期干旱胁迫可使叶内喜树碱的含量明显提高，在生产中可由此而提高喜树碱的产量。     

Fusarium oxysporum,F. proliferatum and F. redolens associated with basal rot of onion in Finland

In recent years in Finland, Fusarium infections in onions have increased, both in the field and in storage, and Fusarium species have taken the place of Botrytis as the worst pathogens causing post‐harvest rot of onion. To study Fusarium occurrence, samples were taken from onion sets, harvested onions and also from other plants grown in the onion fields. Isolates of five Fusarium species found in the survey were tested for pathogenicity on onion. Fusarium oxysporum was frequently found in onions and other plants, and, of the isolates tested, 31% caused disease symptoms and 15% caused growth stunting in onion seedlings. Fusarium proliferatum, a species previously not reported in Finland, was also identified. Over 50% of the diseased onion crop samples were infected with F. proliferatum, and all the F. proliferatum isolates tested were pathogenic to onion. Thus, compared to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum seems to be more aggressive on onion. Also some of the F. redolens isolates were highly virulent, killing onion seedlings. Comparison of the translation elongation factor 1α gene sequences revealed that the majority of the aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae group together and are distinct from the other isolates. Incidence and relative proportions of the different Fusarium species differed between the sets and the mature bulbs. More research is required to determine to what extent Fusarium infections spoiling onions originate from infected onion sets rather than the field soil.