香果树种群开花物候、生殖构件特征及其影响因子分析

采用野外调查方法对武夷山香果树的开花物候、生殖构件及其影响因子相关性进行了研究,结果表明:武夷山23 a香果树个体开始进入生殖期,其单花花期为6.91 d,始花期随着树龄的增加逐渐提前,花期持续时间在3661 d之间;海拔对香果树种群的单花花期和开花进程产生显著影响,随着海拔的升高,香果树单花花期也呈上升趋势,始花期推迟。香果树个体均产86个花枝,7388朵花,95个果实,随着母树树龄的增加,其生殖构件数量均有不同程度的增长,其中80110 a香果树单花枝产果量较高;香果树生殖构件数量随着海拔的升高,其个体产花枝量和花数量均呈下降趋势,而其果实产量则有小幅度增加。香果树的树龄和光照、大气温度和湿度与其生殖构件数量存在极显著正相关关系,80110 a香果树、30000 Lx以上的光照强度、28℃气温以及70%湿度是其有性生殖较好的生殖年龄及微环境。建议对香果树原生境进行保护,严禁砍伐香果树母树;对香果树附近的高大乔木进行疏伐和间伐以改善香果树母树树冠的光照条件,将有利于其生殖构件的生长发育。     

相思树种在沿海沙质立地环境中的抗逆性研究

应用大叶相思、肯氏相思、毛娟相思、马占相思和厚荚相思等相思树种在东山县沿海沙地上营建防护林,并对其抗风、抗台风及抗连续干旱性能进行了测定。结果表明:厚荚相思抗风能力强,生长快,是较好的可在沿海沙地上适生的树种;相思树种抗台风能力较木麻黄弱,台风对相思树种的主要危害是断梢,但在以后的生长中能较快地得到恢复,对相思林分生长并不会产生大的影响;厚荚相思在沿海沙地上造林,不仅成活率高(95%以上),而且在遭受连续8个月的干旱后,旱死率为0,表现出很强的抗旱能力,而且在贫瘠的沙地土壤上生长表现良好,其生长量超过了木麻黄601无性系,是非常好的适合于沿海沙地条件的树种。     

杉木人工林林下植被对立地的指示意义

通过分析53块样地的调查材料,系统地论述了杉木人工林林下植被与林分及立地的关系,表明杉木人工林林下植被具有较强的指示作用,林下植被类型和指示种均可作为杉木人工林立地分类及评价的依据之一。但林下植被的指示性具有一定的局限性,只有当林下植被发育到一定阶段才有较好的指示能力,而且其外延性较差,林下植被指示作用的调查结果不能无限外推。     

绵羊MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的一类高度紧密连锁的基因群,绵羊MHC又称为绵羊淋巴细胞表面抗原(ovine lymphocyte antigen,OLA),位于绵羊20号染色体上,分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类区域,其中MHCⅡ类基因具有高度的基因多态性.文章综述了绵羊MHCⅡ类基因的分子结构及遗传多态性,重点总结了近十年来国内外不同绵羊品种MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性的研究进展,并对绵羊MHCⅡ类基因未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠各脑区p-p38蛋白及c-myc mRNA表达的影响

旨在研究小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠不同脑区p-p38蛋白及c-myc mRNA表达的影响,探讨小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂的催醒机制。将18只大鼠随机分为C组(对照组)、J组(麻醉颉颃剂组)。J组又分为2个亚组,即J1组(注射小型猪专用复合麻醉颉颃剂5min)、J2组(注射小型猪专用复合麻醉颉颃剂1h)。各组大鼠到达相应的时间点后断头处死,分离大脑皮层、小脑、海马、脑干和丘脑,用Western blot的方法检测p-p38蛋白的表达量,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测c-myc基因mRNA的转录量。试验结果显示大鼠大脑皮层、丘脑和脑干的p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的相对表达量显著升高,而小脑和海马的p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的相对表达量显著降低。综合试验结果,小型猪复合麻醉颉颃剂能够影响p-p38蛋白和c-myc mRNA的表达,这可能是其产生催醒作用的机制之一。     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of pentachloronitrobenzene residues in environmental samples

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), a fungicide and chemical intermediate, was developed using a polyclonal antiserum produced against a hapten-protein conjugate of pentachlorophenoxypropionic acid-bovine serum albumin (BSA). An indirect competitive ELISA of PCNB showed an IC50 of 37 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7 ng/mL. The ELISA can tolerate up to 10% (v/v) methanol, 5% (v/v) acetonitrile, or 5% (v/v) acetone without significant fluctuation of Amax and IC50. The assay sensitivity showed little change in a range of pH from 6 to 8 and concentrations of 0.05-0.2 M NaCl in the assay buffer. Very low cross-reactivities were observed for some structurally related compounds except for hexachlorobenzene (12%). The average recoveries of PCNB from fortified well water, river water, and soil samples were in ranges of 88-94, 80-91, and 70-81%, respectively. The correlations between the gas chromatographic and ELISA results were excellent (r 2 >or= 0.97, slopes from 0.86 to 1.10) for those fortified samples. The ELISA is a good alternative tool for monitoring PCNB residues in environmental samples.     

Effect of the molecular mass and degree of substitution of oleoylchitosan on the structure, rheological properties, and formation of nanoparticles

Oleoylchitosans (O-chitosans), with different molecular masses and degrees of substitution (DS), were synthesized by reacting chitosan with oleoyl chloride. The FT-IR suggested the formation of an amide linkage between amino groups of chitosan and carboxyl groups of oleic acid. The viscosity of O-chitosan sharply increased with the increase of concentration, whereas that of unmodified chitosan rose only slightly. This increase was stronger as the increase of hydrophobicity (DS) and molecular mass of the polymer. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of O-chitosans with DS 5, 11, and 27% were 79.43, 31.6, 10 mg/L, respectively, and the CAC of samples with molecular masses of 20, 38, 300, and 1100 kDa were 50.1, 74.93, 125.9, and 630.9 mg/L, respectively. All of the O-chitosans could reduce surface tension slightly. Nanoparticles were prepared using an O/W emulsification method. Mean diameters of the polymeric amphiphilic nanoparticles of O-chitosans with DS 5 and 11% were around 327.4 and 275.3 nm, respectively.     

Flumorph Is a Novel Fungicide That Disrupts Microfilament Organization in Phytophthora melonis

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the effects of flumorph (a novel fungicide) was investigated by analyzing alterations of hyphal morphology, cell wall deposition patterns, F-actin organization, and other organelles in Phytophthora melonis. Calcofluor white staining suggested that flumorph did not inhibit the synthesis of cell wall materials, but disturbed the polar deposition of newly synthesized cell wall materials during cystospore germination and hyphal growth. After exposure to flumorph, zoospores were able to switch into cystospores accompanied with the formation of a cell wall, whereas cystospores failed to induce the isotropic-polar switch and did not produce germ tubes but continued the isotropic growth phase. In flumorph-treated hyphae, the most characteristic change was the development of periodic swelling ("beaded" morphology) and the disruption of tip growth. Newly synthesized cell wall materials were deposited uniformly throughout the diffuse expanded region of hyphae, in contrast to their normal polarized patterns of deposition. These alterations were the result of F-actin disruption, identified with the fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-phalloidin staining. The disruption of F-actin also was accompanied by disorganized organelles: each swelling of subapical hyphae was associated with a nucleus. Vesicles did not undergo polarized secretion to the apical hyphae, but diffused around nuclei for the subapical growth; thus, the cell wall was thickened with periodic expansion along the hyphae. Upon removing flumorph, normal tip growth and organized F-actin were observed again. These data, as well as data published earlier, suggest that flumorph may be involved in the impairment of cell polar growth through directly or indirectly disrupting the organization of F-actin. The primary site of action by flumorph in the disruption of the F-actin organization is under investigation.     

间伐强度对长白落叶松人工林冠层结构和草本物种多样性的影响

以吉林省临江林业局长白落叶松人工林为研究对象,分析不同林分蓄积、间伐强度、冠层结构和林下光环境对草本物种组成及物种多样性的影响。结果表明：随着间伐强度的增加,叶面积指数显著降低,冠层开度显著升高。各处理与对照相比,草本植物重要值大于1%的物种分别增多了12.50%、56.25%和50.00%,35%间伐强度的处理草本物种多样性最高。林下光辐射指标与叶面积指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与冠层开度呈显著正相关(P<0.05); Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数与叶面积指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。间伐能明显增加长白落叶松人工林下草本物种多样性,建议间伐强度不宜超过35%。     

随机森林在红松活立木腐朽分级中的应用

以五营森林公园中不同腐朽程度的红松为研究对象,选取无损、易获取指标(阻力损失及心材、边材异常面积比)为模型自变量,腐朽等级为因变量,利用无损检测并结合随机森林对活立木腐朽程度进行分级。使用重复分层K折交叉验证保证样本数据在训练和测试时分类均衡,并建立随机森林立木腐朽分级模型。结果表明：随机森林腐朽分级模型训练、测试精度分别为100%、90%,说明其拟合效果好、泛化能力强。随机森林对腐朽等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)的辨识均正确,召回率都为100%,腐朽等级Ⅲ错判1例,对腐朽立木进行分级的准确率高达96.67%,随机森林的微观、宏观平均AUC值分别为0.979 2、0.970 8。