稻田自动化鸭舍声训系统设计与试验研究

为使稻田自动化鸭舍在无人值守的情况下于日落之前自动唤鸭回舍,降低人工消耗,设计了稻田自动化鸭舍的声训系统。该系统可产生并自动播放不同类型、声压级及频率的纯音信号。以1月龄鸭子为研究对象,以声音的声压级和频率为试验因素,以鸭子回舍时间为试验指标,对声训系统进行了试验研究。结果表明:鸭子回舍时间与声音参数存在线性回归关系;当声压级为85d B、声音频率为18 577Hz时,鸭子回舍时间最快可达到19.52s,满足稻鸭共作生产的要求。研究结果为稻鸭共作技术条件下的自动化鸭舍设计提供了依据。     

基于显著性检测的黄瓜叶部病害图像分割算法

针对复杂背景下黄瓜叶部病害分割精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于显著性检测的黄瓜叶部病害图像分割算法。首先利用超像素将黄瓜图像分块,获取黄瓜叶片的边缘,并提出了一种超像素间权重计算方法和显著种子选取方法;然后通过流形排序计算显著图,对得到的显著图进行阈值分割,得到二值图像;再将二值图像与原图像进行掩码运算,得到黄瓜病害叶片;最后利用超绿特征和数学形态学对病害叶片进行分割得到病斑。对常见的黄瓜病害(白粉病、褐斑病、霜霉病、炭疽病)图像进行测试,结果表明该算法与Otsu算法和k-means算法相比,有效解决了冗余分割问题,错分率均在5%以内,算法平均执行时间均小于4 000 ms,分割效果更加精确,为后续构建黄瓜病害自动识别系统奠定了基础。     

设施花卉环境参数低功耗传输及模糊控制研究

为了降低现有设施环境监测系统中传感节点的能耗,延长无线传感网络的生存周期,提出了节点动态组包主动传输和多种环境变量加权控制传输2种低功耗机制,减少了大量重复冗余数据的传输,并实现了基于Zigbee的设施花卉环境监测及其低功耗传输系统.提出设施花卉环境下的多变量模糊控制方法,解决了环境变量之间耦合问题,促使温室快速达到花卉适宜环境并保持平衡,实现了对设施花卉环境的综合控制.节点以CC2430芯片为核心,并根据影响花卉生长的环境参数,同时装载SHT10型温湿度、BH1750FVI型光照以及COZIR-ambient型二氧化碳传感器,因此节点可同时采集传输多种环境参数,降低了硬件成本.在南京农业大学园艺试验基地进行组网测试,结果表明,系统比传统周期传输节点(周期1 min)减少能耗85.97％,测量精度在98.5％以上,网络平均丢包率为0.84％,满足了对设施花卉环境的有效监测及低功耗传输的要求.     

轻型汽车用组合式定子无刷交流发电机设计

对组合式定子铁芯与绕组线圈组成的定子、磁极与电励磁绕组组成的转子以及电子稳压调节器三部分组成的轻型汽车用无刷交流发电机进行了设计,确定了其主要结构尺寸和性能参数。该机无碳刷滑环结构,励磁绕组固定在定子上,磁路经过一层气隙,漏磁少,效率高,并能显著延长其使用寿命。     

纯电驱动工程机械自动怠速系统参数优化与试验

针对工程机械节能需求,考虑挖掘机的典型工况,以保证在取消怠速恢复工作时执行器入口能快速建立压力为目标,提出一种基于蓄能器的二级怠速控制系统,通过检测先导手柄压力、液压泵出口压力、执行器入口压力和蓄能器压力等作为判断条件,制定驱动电机转速切换规则。对影响怠速过程的关键元件液压蓄能器的性能参数进行分析,以选定的蓄能器参数在某1.5 t纯电驱动挖掘机上进行试验,结果表明所提出的二级自动怠速控制系统能在两级怠速之间切换,且具有蓄能器的自动怠速系统,与无自动怠速控制的系统相比,节能达36%;与无蓄能器的自动怠速系统相比,恢复工作时执行器压力建立更迅速,压力更平稳,具有较好的操作稳定性。     

基于梯度分布不均匀性的干瘪红枣识别

为了从混合的饱满红枣和干瘪红枣中识别出干瘪红枣,首先分析了颜色空间模型的特性,选择灰度图、RGB颜色空间模型的R分量、L*a*b*颜色空间模型的a*分量,并使用不同的梯度算子作为对比;然后通过形态学运算、逻辑运算去除异常梯度,进行梯度归一化变换;最后采用归一化的梯度直方图作为红枣表面的纹理特征表示方法,并计算其梯度分布不均匀性作为判别准则。利用12通道红枣分选机采集240幅饱满与202幅干瘪红枣图像作为样本图像。实验结果表明,采用简单梯度算子对L*a*b*模型的a*分量提取纹理信息效果最好,误判率为0.83%,正确识别率高达99.01%。     

安徽省驷马山引江灌溉工程水价制度研究

结合该工程的实际情况 ,在全面分析工程现行水价制度存在的主要问题的基础上 ,扼要讨论了工程的理论水价计算 ,对驷马山引江工程水价征收办法进行了较深入的研究。     

Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was examined as a possible alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder (n = 26). NIR spectra were collected over 400-2500 nm. For each sample and individual ginsenoside quantified by HPLC, spectral data were regressed against the chemical data to develop prediction equations. The spectral prediction equations produced high correlation coefficient (1-VR) values and low standard errors of cross validation (SECV) values for the determination of individual and total ginsenosides. The contents of individual ginsenosides, Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re, Rg(1), Ro, m-Rb(1), m-Rb(2), m-Rc, m-Rd, and total ginsenosides (X +/- SECV) were (1.29+/-0.18)%, (0.273+/-0.096)%, (0.298+/-0.052)%, (0.091+/-0.027)%, (1. 015+/-0.114)%, (0.116+/-0.018)%, (0.25+/-0.040)%, (0.776+/-0.116)%, (0.197+/-0.074)%, (0.239+/-0.083)%, (0.143+/-0.042)%, and (4.393+/-0.283)%, respectively. The (1-VR) values of cross validation were 0.877, 0.872, 0.955, 0.834, 0.899, 0.919, 0.325, 0.849, 0.902, 0.877, 0.871, and 0.963, respectively. Results indicated that the NIRS method could be used for the analysis of the major ginsenosides, Rb(1), Re, and m-Rb(1), as well as the total ginsenosides in American ginseng.     

Comparison of mass spectrometry-based electronic nose and solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to assess infant formula oxidation

Two headspace techniques based on mass spectrometry detection (MS), electronic nose, and solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) were evaluated for their ability to differentiate various infant formula powders based on changes of their volatiles upon storage. The electronic nose gave unresolved MS fingerprints of the samples gas phases that were further submitted to principal component analysis (PCA). Such direct MS recording combined to multivariate treatment enabled a rapid differentiation of the infant formulas over a 4 week storage test. Although MS-based electronic nose advantages are its easy-to-use aspect and its meaningful data interpretation obtained with a high throughput (100 samples per 24 h), its greatest disadvantage is that the present compounds could not be identified and quantified. For these reasons, a SPME-GC/MS measurement was also investigated. This technique allowed the identification of saturated aldehydes as the main volatiles present in the headspace of infant milk powders. An isotope dilution assay was further developed to quantitate hexanal as a potential indicator of infant milk powder oxidation. Thus, hexanal content was found to vary from roughly 500 and 3500 microg/kg for relatively non-oxidized and oxidized infant formulas, respectively.     

翻转卸料双轴桨叶饲料混合机工作性能试验研究

该文介绍了作者设计并研制的新型翻转式双轴桨叶混合机,阐述了其工作原理。为了提高双轴桨叶混合机的混合性能,采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验,对设计样机进行混合均匀度及机内残留率的试验研究,得出了其工作参数的合理组合：混合时间为180 s,充满系数为0.75,桨叶轴转速为56 r/min;机内残留量极小(约为0.015%),满足其作为配合饲料生产,尤其是预混合饲料生产的工艺要求,也为进一步改进设计提供了依据。