不同覆膜处理下春玉米叶面积指数高光谱估算

为实现快速、无损、实时监测不同覆膜处理下春玉米的叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）,研究覆膜因子对LAI及冠层反射率的影响,借助高光谱遥感技术获取了各生育期春玉米的冠层反射率,在对光谱数据进行预处理后,经相关性分析提取各覆膜处理LAI的敏感单波段、敏感植被指数和特征指数,据此构建了全生育期各覆膜处理下LAI的高光谱估算模型。结果表明,覆膜对LAI的影响主要在抽雄期之前,相同施肥水平下覆膜与无覆膜处理之间LAI的差异随生育期的推进呈先减小、后增大的趋势,其中苗期差异最大,覆膜比无覆膜处理LAI增加78%以上;各覆膜处理冠层反射率之间的差异由大到小为生育中期、生育末期、生育初期,覆膜主要影响玉米对绿光和红光的吸收。基于3个指标构建各覆膜处理下LAI的估算模型,以特征指数为因变量建立的模型对LAI的反演结果精度较高,其拟合和验证决定系数R2均在0.8以上,均方根误差RMSE为0.45~0.65cm2/cm2,剩余预测偏差RPD均大于2,由于覆膜的影响,无覆膜处理LAI反演精度高于覆膜处理。以特征指数NI(722,731)为自变量建立的所有处理的混合LAI估算模型表现了反演的优越性,能降低覆膜对LAI反演的影响。     

农机服务专业户投资收益分析

农机服务专业户已经成为我国农机社会化服务的主力军,研究农机服务专业户投资收益对我国农机化发展具有重要意义.通过构造C-D生产函数,分析不同规模农机服务专业户各生产要素的投资报酬,并在此基础上针对农机购置成本这一农机户投资金额最大的生产要素进行投资收益分析,得出结论并给出相应建议.     

垄作区几种保护性耕作种植模式研究

主要对东北垄作区实施保护性耕作技术种植玉米试验进行了分析和评价.试验结果表明:在东北垄作区实施保护性耕作技术是可行的,能够增加作物产量,减少作业成本.与传统耕作模式相比,碎茬覆盖模式的产量增加了14.96%,高留茬模式增加了9.5%,而作业成本碎茬覆盖模式减少了29.4%,高留茬模式则减少了23.5%.比较各项指标,碎秆覆盖模式更加体现出了保护性耕作技术的优越性,具有更好的推广前景.     

垄台修复中耕施肥机关键部件的改进与试验

针对东北垄作区原垄免耕播种后,垄形破坏,玉米出苗后需进行垄台修复施肥,但作业过程中存在机具堵塞严重,行间玉米秸秆被机具挑起伤苗,以及机具作业过程中动力消耗大等问题,设计改进了垄台修复中耕施肥机的关键部件,优化了关键参数.田间试验表明:平板直刀型破茬松土方式动力消耗小、防堵效果好,采用的凹面双圆盘进行垄形修复,起土效果好,能够有效防堵.     

酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶染色法的改良

通过对酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶染色过程中的几个重要因素进行研究,确定了其最佳处理条件,并探讨了几个因素间的相互作用。结果表明,固定液用2.5%戊二醛的效果要优于甲醛-丙酮混合液;用pH值5.8～6.2的孵育液孵育1.5h,甲基绿复染1～10s效果最佳。变化各因素的处理条件对最终的观测效果和结果都有影响,其中以甲基绿复染时间过长影响最大。同时,该染色法应用于贵妃鸡的T淋巴细胞计数中,4次重复的结果表明,贵妃鸡酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶阳性细胞率为37.86±1.89%,各重复间差异不显著。     

Effects of psychological stress on in vitro expression of activated surface molecules on T cells of peripheral blood from healthy persons

AIM: To study cellular and molecular mechanism involved in increasing susceptibility of infection in psychological stress persons. METHODS: Comparative studies were performed with double staining and flow cytometry analysis on immunophenotyping and in vitro expression of early activating surface molecule CD69 in response to mitogens on T cells from peripheral blood of 20 healthy college student volunteers before and after psychological stress. A series of term final examinations was defined as psychological stress. RESULTS: Immunophenotyping analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the percentage of CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD16 and CD56 positive lymphocyte populations before and after psychological stress. There was a statistically significant decrease in the in vitro expression of CD69 in response to polyclonal stimulators on the T cells from persons after psychological stress than those before psychological stress. The percentage of CD69 expression (CD69⁺CD3⁺/CD3⁺%) in response to PHA and PDB in the whole blood culture for 72 hours decreased respectively from 28.1±4.1 and 80.7±6.8 on the T cells obtained before psychological stress to 17.6±3.8 and 65.8±7.9 on those obtained after psychological stress, while there was no statistically significant difference between the CD69 expression rates without stimulators on the T cells obtained before and after psychological stress. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of psychological stress to immune system is not on the level of changing proportions of the sub-populations within peripheral blood lymphocytes. Psychological stress can decrease the activating response of T cells in healthy persons, which may be responsible for the increase of susceptibility to infection in the psychological stress persons.     

An investigation on the comparison of wet spinning and electrospinning: Experimentation and simulation

Polysulfonamide (PSA) has been widely used in many fields because of its excellent thermodynamic properties. In this study, PSA fibers were prepared separately via two different spinning ways, including conventional wet spinning and electrospinning. Fluid motion of wet spinning and electrostatic field of electrospinning were modeled using finite element analysis to investigate the spinning process. The properties of fabricated PSA fibers were characterized systematically by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity analysis (TGA) and electronic strength tester. Based on the simulation and theoretical analysis of spinning process, it was found that the extruding force of the wet spinning is larger than that of the electrospinning. The larger extruding force makes the alignment of macromolecules inside fiber relatively uniform, and a higher proportion of crystallization happens. Accordingly, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PSA fibers could be improved due to a higher proportion of crystallization. The experimental results of mechanical strength and TG test are coincided with the simulation results. PSA fiber prepared by wet spinning has better thermal stability and mechanical properties than that fabricated by electrospinning.     

Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.     

六个猕猴桃品种在六盘水市的品比试验

以国内外较优6个猕猴桃品种为试材,利用引种技术进行品种的引进及筛选,综合评价各品种的物候期、适应性、果实品质等指标,以优化和调整六盘水猕猴桃品种结构,探明并确定贵州猕猴桃主产区六盘水市适应性较好的品种。结果表明:根据各品种的表现和"合理-满意度"分析,在六盘水表现较好的品种有"红阳",成熟期为8月中下旬,总糖含量为11.90%,口味香甜,果肉为红色,667m~2产量742.8kg,"金艳"成熟期为9月,667m~2产量1 018.6kg、单果质量118.43g、香味浓郁、果肉金黄色,"贵长"成熟期较晚,667m~2产量为1 401.7kg,香味较浓、果肉翠绿色;表现不好的品种有"西选2号""楚红",这2个品种产量均较低,果实口感一般;表现相对较好的品种有‘Hort 16A’口感较好,但抗病性较弱,"和平2号"单果质量156.80g,但667m~2产量仅有953.1kg,"海沃德"667m~2产量仅有703.6kg,表现不稳定。"红阳""金艳""贵长"在六盘水地区表现良好,适宜推广种植。     

大棚苦瓜白粉病田间药效试验

开展了四氟醚唑、醚菌酯、丙环·醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵4种药剂防治大棚苦瓜白粉病的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,4种药剂均可有效控制大棚苦瓜白粉病发展,且对苦瓜安全无药害,以32%丙环·嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 500倍液防效最好,其次是4%四氟醚唑水乳剂1 000倍液、50%醚菌酯水分散粒剂2 000倍液、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液,在生产上防治时可交替使用。