箭筈豌豆新品种DUS测试指南研制—测试性状评价和参照品种筛选

以国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)制定的植物新品种DUS(distinctness, uniformity and stability)测试指南总则(TG/1/3)、箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南(TG/32/7)等技术文件为指导,对箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南的核心技术内容:测试性状和参照品种等开展了研究。在国内外共收集到51个箭筈豌豆品种,并进行连续2年的田间观测。观测性状总计31个,包括UPOV箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中的23个性状,以及本实验发现有特异性的8个新增性状。对每个测试性状的表达状态、观测时期、测定方法、观测数量等进行了分级和详尽描述。共筛选出32个参照品种(国际21个, 我国11个),确定了123个表达状态。并对UPOV 箭筈豌豆DUS测试指南中“外种皮底色”和“种子形状”表达状态的分级进行了补充。本研究结果可为我国箭筈豌豆新品种 DUS 测试指南的制定奠定技术基础,对促进我国箭筈豌豆品种保护、审定和育种工作具有重要的意义。     

寒冷环境下阿勒泰羊血常规指标检测

为了探讨寒冷环境下对阿勒泰羊血常规指标的影响,本试验于冬季采集30只阿勒泰羊颈静脉血进行血常规检测。结果表明,阿勒泰羊在寒冷环境下白细胞、中间细胞、粒细胞数目上升;红细胞总数、血红蛋白含量有所下降。此结果说明寒冷环境会导致阿勒泰羊体内有炎症发生,还会导致阿勒泰羊出现贫血的情况,为冬季饲养阿勒泰羊提供技术支持.     

西北地区和尚头小麦遗传多样性及农艺性状的关联分析

为了解西北地区和尚头小麦种质资源的遗传特性及主要农艺性状特征,采用43份不同来源的和尚头小麦种质材料,在均匀分布于小麦21条染色体上的150个SSR(simple sequence repeats)位点上检测遗传多样性,同时对19个农艺性状在两个试验点进行表型鉴定,并采用GLM(general linear model)模型进行分子标记与表型性状的关联分析。结果表明,19个农艺性状中数量性状遗传多样性明显高于质量性状,除壳色外,其他性状之间均存在不同程度的相关性。利用45对具有多态性的SSR标记共检测出151个等位变异,各标记等位位点变化范围为2～6,平均为3.36个,PIC(polymorphism information content)值变异范围为0.044～0.771。群体遗传结构分析将43份材料划分为8个亚群。关联分析发现11个SSR标记与农艺性状显著关联,单个标记对表型变异的解释率为8.89%～24.74%,这些标记可为特色小麦分子标记辅助选择育种提供理论参考。     

不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响

为改善牛奶脂肪酸构成,提高乳脂中CLA含量,研究瘤胃液、血浆和乳脂中脂肪酸的代谢规律,探寻提高乳品质的合适途径,本试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究向日粮中添加不同植物油(即葵花油、亚麻油、菜籽油,3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同)对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中CLA的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加3种不同植物油,葵花油组、亚麻油组乳脂中的CLA比例均显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05),且以葵花油组最高;乳脂中PUFA的比例则是亚麻油组显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05);(2)3组间血浆中C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽油组C18∶1的比例显著高于亚麻油组和葵花油组(P<0.05),而后两组差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻油组和葵花油组t11-C18∶1的比例与菜籽油组间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),亚麻油组和菜籽油组中C18∶2的比例差异显著(P<0.05);(3)采食添加不同植物油日粮后,瘤胃液中各种脂肪酸动态变化的平均值差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的趋势是随着时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少。瘤胃液中CLA的比例不同时间点均较低。由本研究可知,在优化奶牛乳脂肪酸构成提高CLA含量方面,以葵花油效果最好。     

不同ω6/ω3多不饱和脂肪酸日粮对AA肉鸡脂多糖免疫应激的影响

选用90只AA肉鸡母雏,饲喂30∶1、20∶1、10∶1、5∶1、2.5∶1 5种不同的不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）日粮到56日龄,进行大肠杆菌脂多糖（LPS）和生理盐水连续3 d注射应激,研究不同比例ω6/ω3 PUFA对免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明,不同比例ω6/ω3 PUFA对应激前后体增重、应激后第1 d和第7 d血清总蛋白（TP）和IgG含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),但对血清白蛋白（Alb）含量、应激后第1 d新城疫抗体滴度、第7 d血浆皮质酮含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。LPS应激和对照相比,除对体增重的影响达到显著水平（P<0.05）外,对其他性状的影响均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。与应激后第1 d相比,应激后第7 d的皮质酮水平下降,白蛋白、总蛋白含量和IgG含量上升,表现出机体缓解应激的变化。因此,不同比例的ω6/ω3 PUFA日粮对机体体液免疫功能产生不同程度的影响,其中20∶1日粮的平均血清TP和Alb含量在5种日粮中最高,2.5∶1日粮的平均血清IgG含量和ND抗体水平在5种日粮中最高。但随着5种日粮ω6/ω3 PUFA比值的降低,日粮间缓解应激的作用没有呈现明显的变化趋势。     

鲜食葡萄新品种‘金田蜜’

 ‘金田蜜’葡萄是以9603（‘里扎马特’ב 红双味’）为母本,9411（‘凤凰51’ב紫珍珠’）为父本有性杂交育成的早熟葡萄新品种。平均果穗质量616.0 g。果粒近圆形,平均单粒质量为7.8 g。果皮绿黄色。有香味。可溶性固形物含量为14.5 %,味甜。品质上等。在冀东地区浆果7月底至8月上旬成熟。     

Effect of glycine on cardiac injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in isolated rat heart

AIM:To observe the effects of glycine on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial dysfunction, and to further clarify the protection of glycine (GLY) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its mechanism. METHODS:A cardiac H/R model was established using a Langendorff isolated heart preparation. The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the maximum rising and dropping rates of left ventricular pressure (dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin) were observed. The coronary effluents at different time points were collected respectively to detect the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS: The indexes of cardiac functions in H/R group were lower than those in other groups. After H/R, the indexes in GLY plus H/R group were higher than those in H/R group. Glycine inverted the effects of the decrease in SOD and the increase in MDA concentrations induced by H/R. CONCLUSION:Glycine ameliorates the cardiac functions under the condition of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in isolated rat hearts. The mechanisms may be related to suppressing lipid peroxidation.     

Effect of glycine liposomes on mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes

AIM: To observe the effect of glycine liposomes on the mitochondrial membrane potential and the apoptosis rate in cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. METHODS: A cardiomyocyte injury model was established by using hypoxia/reoxygenation. DiOC6(3) as fluorescence molecular probe was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential in each group. The method of Annexin V associated with PI was used to detect the apoptosis ratio in each group. RESULTS: (1) The result of flow cytometry showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocytes in H/R group was obviously lower than that in control group (P<0.01). The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in Gly-liposome group was the lowest, the percentage of cells about the part of hypofluorescence was (9.61±0.76)%, which was lower than that in glycine group (P<0.01). (2) The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes in H/R group was higher than that in control group (20.78±1.58)%,P<0.01. After the treatment of Gly-liposome, the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was lower than that in glycine group (P<0.01). No difference in the apoptosis ratios between blank-liposome group and H/R group was observed(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Glycine liposomes protect cultured cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Glycine liposomes produce the better protective effects than glycine.     

利用数码相机测定板栗果实褐变的方法研究

提出了一种测定板栗果实褐变程度的新方法,可快速测定板栗等果实的表面褐变程度.其原理是利用数码相机拍照获取板栗褐变果实的图像,利用软件对图像进行处理,得到板栗果实的亮度值,进而揭示果实的褐变程度及其褐变规律.     

蔗糖、钙和硼对榆叶梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长的影响

研究了不同浓度蔗糖、钙(CaCl2)和硼(H3BO3)对单瓣榆叶梅(Prunus triloba var. simplex)和重瓣榆叶梅(Prunus triloba var. plena Dipp.)离体条件下花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响.结果表明:5%～10%的蔗糖不利于花粉的萌发和花粉管生长,15%～30%的蔗糖能够提高花粉的萌发率和花粉管生长长度,其中25%的蔗糖为最适浓度,单瓣和重瓣榆叶梅相差不大,二者平均花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为38.72%和489.6 μm.0.01%～0.07%的外源钙可以显著促进榆叶梅花粉的离体萌发和花粉管的生长,0.03%作用最大.0.01%的硼对单瓣榆叶梅,0.01%～0.03%的硼对重瓣榆叶梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长有显著的促进作用,重瓣榆叶梅比单瓣榆叶梅更需要外源硼的补充.