紫色土柑橘园长期种植白三叶后的土壤团聚体有机碳及氮素分布特征

研究柑橘园长期种植白三叶对四川丘陵区紫色土有机碳及氮素在团聚体中分布的影响,为紫色土地力提升和柑橘园肥料合理运筹提供理论依据。2014—2020年在川东北丘陵区开展5年田间定位试验,设置柑橘园清耕及柑橘园间作白三叶2个处理,2020年3月,采集0～10、10～20和20～40 cm土层土壤样品,测定水稳性团聚体及有机碳、全氮含量。结果表明,川东北丘陵区柑橘园土壤水稳定团聚体以<0.25 mm小粒级为主,2～1 mm粒级含量最低。与清耕相比,柑橘园长期种植白三叶增加了2～0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量,减少了>2、<0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量,且不同土层之间均表现出这一趋势。种植白三叶显著提高土壤0～20 cm土层及不同粒级团聚体中有机碳和全氮含量,表现为随着粒级的减小含量逐渐增加、且随土层加深呈下降趋势。除0～10 cm土层>2、2～1 mm粒级外,柑橘园种植白三叶均能提高不同土层中各粒径土壤碳氮比。综上,柑橘园长期种植白三叶增加土壤>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体含量,补充紫色土有机碳库和氮养分含量,能够改善土壤团粒结构,提升紫色土持续生产能力。     

水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜养分吸收及水肥利用的影响

为了探明水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜养分吸收及水肥利用的影响,以获取最适水氮耦合方案,为温室沙培黄瓜水氮科学管理提供理论依据。以“优胜美”水果黄瓜为供试品种,采用二次饱和D-最优设计进行了沙培黄瓜水氮耦合的田间试验,试验共设7个处理,每个处理3次重复,分别于苗期、花期、初瓜期、盛瓜期及末瓜期测定黄瓜植株各器官的氮磷钾吸收量,并对各处理的产量进行统计。结果表明:苗期植株对氮磷钾的吸收量较少,进入花期后植株养分吸收量快速增加,各器官养分的分配总体上表现出叶片和果实吸氮量较大,茎、根和花较少,植株对氮磷钾的吸收均随着灌水水平和施肥量的增加而增加,但过高的灌水水平和施氮量会抑制植株对氮磷钾的吸收;产量随着灌水水平的增加呈现开口向下的抛物线趋势,但灌水水平对产量的影响并不显著,产量随着施氮量的增加而显著增加,而过量施氮后会使产量降低,符合报酬递减规律,施氮量与水分利用效率呈显著正相关,与灌水水平呈负相关,但未达到显著水平,低水高氮的处理T3能获得最高的水分利用效率;施氮量是影响肥料利用率和利用效率的主要因素,并且其随着灌水水平的增加大体上呈现开口向下的抛物线趋势,中等适宜的灌水水平下增施氮肥能够得到较高的肥料利用率和利用效率。运用熵权TOPSIS法进行综合评价,各处理接近度Ci的排序为T4>T5>T3>T6>T7>T1>T2,得到T4为最优的水氮耦合方案,即在80.20%的灌水水平下施用氮肥623 kg/hm²,该方案能够达到农业生产中低投入和高产出的最终目标,并减少水肥浪费,可为温室沙培黄瓜水氮科学管理提供理论依据。     

花生新品种邢花4号的选育

以8252为母本、白沙1016为父本杂交选育而成的花生新品种邢花4号,具有高产、早熟、抗逆性强、适应性广和适宜烘烤等特点,适宜在北方夏花生产区麦垄套种或夏直播.     

栽培料配方对褐蘑菇产量的影响

褐蘑菇是张家口市著名特产--口蘑系列中的1个种类,主要分布于张家口地区北部坝上高原的天然牧场,属于低温型食用真菌.褐蘑菇又称“香口蘑“,特点是香味浓郁,肉质肥厚、鲜嫩,营养丰富,有很高的保健价值.1997年开始大面积人工栽培,现已发展为坝上的特色支柱产业.本研究将褐蘑菇进行南移栽培,探讨不同栽培原料及其配方对褐蘑菇产量的影响,旨为冀中南部进行褐蘑菇生产提供依据.……     

几种针叶树种引种试验研究

对20世纪80年代引种到湖北宜昌大老岭林场的北美、西欧、日本原产优良工业用材针叶树种的生长适应性等进行了研究.结果表明,欧洲云杉、日本冷杉表现突出,后期生长较快,后8 a年平均高生长都超过50 cm;欧洲赤松不同种源差异显著,其中优良种源在本地区有一定发展可能,法国奥尔良种源可作为优良种源进行推广;花旗松生长适应性较差,不经严格的再选择,难以直接大量引种.     

Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.     

PBAT生物降解地膜与加厚型塑料地膜降解性能及对番茄生长的影响

为筛选出易降解或易回收,对环境污染小,适宜在番茄生产中应用的地膜,研究了PBAT生物降解地膜与0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜的差异性,以0.010 mm普通塑料地膜作为对照,对比了各种地膜的降解周期,以及对番茄生长和产量的影响。试验结果表明:在影响植株长势方面,3种地膜对番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶片数的影响差异不显著;在影响作物产量方面,覆盖0.012 mm地膜的番茄产量最高,其次是PBAT生物降解地膜,覆盖0.010 mm塑料地膜番茄产量最低;在地膜降解性能方面,PBAT生物降解地膜降解性能较强,0.012 mm加厚型塑料地膜韧性强,不易破碎,有利于后期回收利用,0.010 mm塑料地膜韧性差,不利于回收;建议生产中根据实际气候、土壤、作物等条件选择适宜的PBAT生物降解地膜或加厚型塑料地膜。     

枸杞炭疽病生防菌株筛选、生物功能测定及防治效果

为研发对枸杞炭疽病有良好防治效果的生防制剂,利用枸杞炭疽病菌Colletotrichum acutatum对实验室已分离保存的芽胞杆菌菌株进行室内筛选,并对拮抗效果较好的菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定、病原菌孢子萌发抑制试验、生物学功能测定、稳定性测定、抑菌谱测定以及室内离体防治效果试验和田间防治效果试验。结果表明,菌株F3A对枸杞炭疽病菌有较好的拮抗作用,对枸杞炭疽病菌菌丝的抑制率为62.13%;结合形态学特征、16S rDNA以及gyrA基因序列分析,将菌株F3A鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis;菌株F3A具有溶解有机磷和无机磷的能力,在含色氨酸和不含色氨酸的金氏培养液中产吲哚乙酸量分别为5.76 mg/L和5.74 mg/L;菌株F3A产蛋白酶和葡聚糖酶的活性较高;菌株F3A连续培养20代后,对枸杞炭疽病菌的抑制率为61.21%,该菌对棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vesinfectum、番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani、黄瓜枯萎病菌F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、番茄叶霉病菌Cladosporium fulvum、茄子菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和黄芪根腐病菌F.solani的抑制率分别为40.71%、53.58%、32.00%、53.00%、79.27%、71.13%和66.08%;菌株F3A发酵液的保护作用明显优于治疗作用,菌株F3A发酵液1倍稀释液室内预防效果为90.32%;喷施菌株F3A发酵液1倍稀释液3 d和7 d后的田间防治效果分别为78.26%和63.19%。表明菌株F3A有作为开发枸杞炭疽病生物农药的潜力。     

不同氮水平下秸秆、生物质炭添加对旱作农田土壤酸解有机氮组分的影响

为探明不同氮水平下秸秆、生物质炭添加对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤酸解有机氮组分的影响,2014年在定西市安定区李家堡镇布设的不同氮水平下秸秆、生物质炭添加定位试验(共9个处理),利用Bremner分级法,对该试验2018年收获后的土壤有机氮组分进行测定与分析。结果表明:在0～30 cm土层(0～5、5～10、10～30 cm土层),各处理酸解总有机氮、酸解氨态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮、酸解未知态氮含量均随土层的加深而降低,酸解氨基糖态氮含量随土层的加深而增加;较之无炭处理(CN0、CN50、CN100处理的均值),生物质炭添加(BN0、BN50、BN100处理的均值)处理可提升酸解总有机氮含量10.12%、9.14%、7.61%(土层由上至下),提升酸解氨态氮含量15.02%、16.25%、17.19%(土层由上至下),提升酸解氨基酸态氮含量13.31%、11.84%、8.74%(土层由上至下),其中BN100处理下对其提升效应最显著;较之无炭处理(CN0、CN50、CN100处理的均值),秸秆添加处理(SN0、SN50、SN100处理的均值)可提升酸解氨基糖态氮含量26.46%、26.51%、25.78%(土层由上至下),其中SN100处理下对其提升效应最显著;不同处理下,有机氮各形态的分布趋势为酸解氨基酸态氮酸解氨态氮酸解未知态氮酸解氨基糖态氮。总之,BN100处理对酸解氨基酸态氮、酸解氨态氮提升效应最显著,进而增加土壤供氮潜力,可筛选为该区春小麦栽培的合理施肥方式。     

Effects of cardiac contractility modulation on ventricular electrical remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure

AIM: To investigate the effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) on ventricular electrical remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into sham group, heart failure(HF) group and HF+ CCM group. The rabbit model of chronic heart failure was established by ligating the ascending aortic root. Then electrical stimulations during the absolute refractory period were delivered lasting 6 h everyday for 4 weeks in rabbits of HF+ CCM group. The QTc and ventricular effective refrective period (VERP) were recorded. The protein and mRNA levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and connexin 43 (Cx43) were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, QTc were significantly prolonged in HF rabbits at week 12 (P<0.05). CCM therapy shortened QTc of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, VERP significantly increased in HF group and HF+ CCM group, while CCM therapy shortened VERP of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 were decreased in HF group and HF+ CCM group (P<0.05). However, CCM therapy restored the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 of rabbits with heart failure (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CCM suppresses ventricular electrical remodeling in heart failure and the underlying mechanism may be associated with increasing Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 expression.