Modelling the distribution of the pan‐continental invasive fish Pseudorasbora parva based on landscape features in the northern Kyushu Island,Japan

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IUCN Red List of freshwater fishes and lampreys in Flanders (north Belgium)

Red Lists are used to assess the extinction risk of species. Regional IUCN criteria were applied to categorise 42 indigenous freshwater fish species in Flanders into Red List categories. As such, three species are assessed as Regionally Extinct, eight as Critically Endangered, two as Endangered and eight as Vulnerable. A further five species are considered Near Threatened, 15 species as Least Concern and one species is Data Deficient. Five species disappeared from the Regionally Extinct category compared with the previous Red List (1988) as a consequence of improved water quality of estuaries and reintroduction programmes. In total, 62% of the freshwater fish species in Flanders was considered extinct or threatened. This is higher than neighbouring regions and Europe as a whole (44%). This new Red List of freshwater fishes in Flanders can be used to inform conservation actions.     

Sterile insect technique and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wolbachia</Emphasis> symbiosis as potential tools for the control of the invasive species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila suzukii</Emphasis>

Drosophila suzukii, a vinegar fly originated from Southeast Asia, has recently invaded western countries, and it has been recognized as an important threat of a wide variety of several commercial soft fruits. This review summarizes the current information about the biology and dispersal of D. suzukii and discusses the current status and prospects of control methods for the management of this pest. We highlight current knowledge and ongoing research on innovative environmental-friendly control methods with emphasis on the sterile insect technique (SIT) and the incompatible insect technique (IIT). SIT has been successfully used for the containment, suppression or even eradication of populations of insect pests. IIT has been proposed as a stand-alone tool or in conjunction with SIT for insect pest control. The principles of SIT and IIT are reviewed, and the potential value of each approach in the management of D. suzukii is analyzed. We thoroughly address the challenges of SIT and IIT, and we propose the use of SIT as a component of an area-wide integrated pest management approach to suppress D. suzukii populations. As a contingency plan, we suggest a promising alternative avenue through the combination of these two techniques, SIT/IIT, which has been developed and is currently being tested in open-field trials against Aedes mosquito populations. All the potential limiting factors that may render these methods ineffective, as well as the requirements that need to be fulfilled before their application, are discussed.     

Cordylus Minor: A valid species of South african lizard (Reptilia: Cordylidae)

The taxonomic status of Cordylus cordylus minor FitzSimons 1943 is reconsidered. An analysis of variation in external morphological characters shows minor and cordylus to be two non-overlapping sets of organisms. A phylogenetic study shows the minor-cordylus set to be non-monophyletic, leaving no option than to consider minor a separate species.     

Health Status of Ornamental Freshwater Fishes Imported to South Africa: A Pilot Study

Keeping fish is a popular pastime in South Africa and the majority of ornamental fish are imported. A pilot study was initiated to examine the health status of ornamental freshwater fishes imported to South Africa. Four groups of thirty fish each were examined for the presence of external parasites, and processed for virus isolation and for bacterial and mycobacterial culture. The groups consisted of goldfish (Carassius auratus), koi (Cyprinus carpio), guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and cardinal tetras (Cheirodon axelrodi). Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from the goldfish and koi. No other significant bacteria were isolated and virus culture was negative for all groups. Skin scrapings and wet gill preparations were made to detect external parasites. Parasites were identified from fixed material. External parasites included Trichodina mutabilis, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, ciliophorans of the genus Tetrahymena, and monogeneans belonging to the genera Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus. This is the first report of Trichodina mutabilis in South Africa. Diseases imported with ornamental fish pose a risk to both indigenous fish populations and the aquaculture industry. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Machine learning in landscape ecological analysis: a review of recent approaches

Landscape Ecology - Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly developed over the past several decades. Several related AI approaches, such as Machine Learning (ML), have been applied to research on...     

Distribution and environmental requirements of stream habitat with Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho‐Batrachion vegetation in lower Belgium (Flanders)

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Evaluation of downstream migration mitigation actions for eel at an Archimedes screw pump pumping station

Eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), mortality was studied in a Belgian lowland canal after downstream passage through a large and small de Wit‐adapted Archimedes screw pump over a 12‐month period. The hypothesis tested was the minimisation of fish injuries with the de Wit adaptation. Simultaneously, downstream migration through a Dutch pool and orifice fishway alongside the pumping station (PS) was monitored. Nets were mounted on the outflow of the pumps, and a cage was placed in the fishway. Based on the condition of the fish and injuries sustained, the assessed maximum mortality rates ranged from 19 ± 4% for the large de Wit Archimedes screw pump to 14 ± 8% for the small de Wit Archimedes screw pump. The screw adaptations did not substantially minimise grinding injuries and overall mortality, and the fishway did not mitigate downstream eel migration. To achieve escapement targets set in the eel management plans, fish‐friendly pump designs and effective PS bypass solutions are needed.