miRNA and piRNA expression profiles of breeder cock testes detected by next‐generation sequencing

miRNAs are small non‐coding regulatory RNAs that play key roles in diverse biological processes. In this study, we used the Solexa sequencing technique to profile miRNAs in breeder cock testes to illustrate their functions. A total of 663 co‐expressed miRNAs and 3,180 co‐expressed piRNAs were detected in three libraries. Based on Mir‐X^? miRNA qRT‐PCR, three miRNAs representing low, medium and high expression levels according to the sequencing results were selected randomly to validate the miRNAs' expression profiles. Results suggested that the miRNA expression profiles data could represent actual miRNA expression levels. Moreover, target genes prediction of the co‐expressed miRNAs and further Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed, which revealed that some candidate miRNAs were involved in the regulation of the spermatogenesis process, spermatozoa function and testicular metabolism. In conclusion, we provided a useful resource for further elucidation of the miRNAs' regulatory role in spermatogenesis, contributing to a preliminary database for functional and molecular mechanistic studies in testicular metabolism, spermatogenesis and other testes functions.     

Testicular ischaemic necrosis as a cause of equine cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism is a fairly common pathology presented to equine surgical facilities with the cryptorchid testicle most commonly located in the abdomen or ipsilateral inguinal canal. The causes of cryptorchidism are not known, but testicular abnormalities have been suggested. Monorchidism as a cause of maldescent of one or both testicles is rare and is hypothesised to be the result of a vascular insult, similar to testicular regression in man. This case report details laparoscopic abdominal exploration of a cryptorchid horse and identification of an abnormal testicular remnant affected by ischaemic necrosis.     

兽药产品区域市场营销策略

传统的营销模式已经不能满足企业发展的需求，建立新的兽药产品区域市场营销体系是兽药企业的选择。