Expression and homology modelling of sterol 14α‐demethylase of Magnaporthe grisea and its interaction with azoles

BACKGROUND: Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) ME Barr infection is one of the most serious diseases for cultivated rice in the world. Sterol 14α‐demethylase (CYP51) is an important drug target for microbial pathogenic infections. To exploit specific and effective fungicides for M. grisea better, the authors have analysed the characteristics of interaction between sterol 14α‐demethylase from M. grisea (MGCYP51) and azoles. MGCYP51 with truncation of N‐terminal residues was cloned and expressed in E. coli, difference binding spectra of MGCYP51 induced by addition of four commercial azoles were determined and molecular modelling of MGCYP51 based on the crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lehmann & Newman and docking with the azoles were performed. RESULTS: The affinity of the azoles for MGCYP51 was positively correlated with their hydrophobicity. Amino acid residues Tyr112, Phe120, Phe220, His308 and Phe497 of MGCYP51, forming a large hydrophobic cavity, are the key residues interacting with azole fungicides. Furthermore, Phe220 and Phe497 are fungus and species specific respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the more potent azole fungicides for MGCYP51 should possess more hydrophobic groups interacting with residues Phe220 and Phe497. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

湖南省草莓灰霉病菌对4种杀菌剂的抗药性检测

为明确湖南省草莓灰霉病菌菌株的抗药性状况,2013-2015年从湖南省不同地区草莓灰霉病病果或病叶上经单孢分离获得草莓灰霉病菌454株,采用最小抑制浓度法(MIC)检测不同地区草莓灰霉病菌株对多菌灵、腐霉利、异菌脲、嘧霉胺的抗药性。结果表明:草莓灰霉病菌对多菌灵、腐霉利、异菌脲、嘧霉胺的抗性频率分别为55.73%,77.31%、3.52%和77.31%;所测菌株对4种杀菌剂的敏感性类型有Cbz~RPcm~RIpd~RPmt~R、CbzSPcm~RIpd~RPmt~R、Cbz~RPcm~RIpdSPmt~R、Cbz~SPcm~RIpdSPmt~S、Cbz~RPcm~SIpd~SPmt~R、Cbz~SPcm~RIpd~SPmt ~R等6种,其所占比例分别为33.26%、5.07%、41.41%、4.63%、3.96%、11.67%,未发现对4种杀菌剂均敏感的类型,表明湖南省草莓灰霉病菌已对多菌灵、腐霉利和嘧霉胺产生抗药性,对异菌脲的抗药性较低。     

浙江中部地区水稻黑条矮缩病的发生流行

报道了水稻黑条矮缩病再次回升流行的发生规律、分布格局、介体昆虫灰飞虱的种群动态及其相互关系、病害与产量的关系。感病秧苗、大田前期介体灰飞虱密度以及本田期再侵染是本田病害流行的３个重要部分,但早、晚稻有所不同;秧田期介体密度与移栽时、移栽后病害程度,本田初前期介体密度与抽穗期病害程度,株发病率与丛病率,病害程度与最终产量均有显著的关系。     

柑橘属植物疫霉病菌检测与鉴定的研究进展

在全世界危害柑橘属植物的疫霉有十几种,其中冬生疫霉(Phytophthora hibernalis)和丁香疫霉(P.syringae)为我国规定禁止进境的两种检疫性真菌病害。本文从传统的症状观察、病原菌形态特征和分子检测等方面综述了柑橘属疫霉菌检测与鉴定的研究进展,可为柑橘属植物疫霉菌的口岸检疫提供借鉴。     

巴拉那根结线虫的鉴定及生物学特性

巴拉那根结线虫(Meloidogyne paranaensis)是咖啡上最具有毁灭性的根结线虫之一,可造成咖啡减产高达50%,目前主要发生在巴西、危地马拉和墨西哥,我国没有分布。本文介绍了巴拉那根结线虫的形态鉴定特征和生物学特性等内容。     

Leaf spot of tobacco caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium proliferatum</Emphasis>

In 2014 and 2015, an unknown leaf spot disease was found on tobacco in Guangxi, China. The fungus isolated from these spots was identified as Fusarium proliferatum based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1α). This fungus also reproduced leaf spot symptoms after inoculation and was reisolated from the symptomatic lesions. This is the first report of a new leaf spot caused by Fusarium proliferatum on tobacco.     

漳州琯溪蜜柚果实黑斑病菌的分子鉴定

2008年从漳州采集到疑似由柑橘球座菌(Guignardia citricarpaKiely)引起的黑斑病症状的溪琯蜜柚(Citrus grandis(Linn.)Osbeck cv.guanxi-miyou)果实。使用柑橘球座菌(G.citricarpa)特异引物对该果实上的病斑进行PCR检测及序列分析。PCR检测结果表明从溪琯蜜柚果实病斑上扩增到约490bp的条带。序列分析结果表明,与已知的亚洲柑橘叶点霉(Phyllosticta citriasiana)、G.citricarpa和G.mangif-erae的相应序列同源性分别为99.8%、98.2%和94.0%。该序列含有部分的内转录间隔区1(ITS1)、5.8S核糖体RNA基因(5.8S rRNA)和部分的内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列。结果表明,引起溪琯蜜柚果实病害的病原菌并不是G.citricarpa,而是一种新描述的病原菌——亚洲柑橘叶点霉(Phyllosticta citriasianaWulan-dari,Crous&Gruyter),该病原菌引起的病害称为柑橘褐斑病。     

厦门市忠仑公园药用植物园规划设计初步探析

随着景观改造的多样性,药用植物园也成为城市园林营造景观的一种方式。厦门市忠仑公园集科普、教育、观赏功能为一体,药用植物园区景观改造以人为本,以科普教育为宗旨,在保证药用植物景观的基本功能的前提下,塑造优美的景观,既能弘扬中华民族药用文化知识,又能为周边居民提供一个互动学习科普知识、修养身心的场所。