Interpopulation and intrapopulation maternal lineage genetics of the Lanyu pig (Sus scrofa) by analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region sequences

The Lanyu pig is an indigenous breed from the Lanyu Islet, which is southeast of Taiwan. Two herds of Lanyu pigs were introduced from the Lanyu Islet into Taiwan in 1975 and 1980. The current population of conserved Lanyu pigs consists of only 44 animals with unknown genetic lineage. The Lanyu pig possesses a distinct maternal genetic lineage remote from Asian and European pigs. The present study aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationship among conserved Lanyu, Asian, and European type pigs based on the cytochrome b coding gene, to ascertain the maternal lineage and genetic diversity within the conserved Lanyu pigs, and to address whether genetic introgression from exotic or Formosan wild pigs had occurred in the conserved Lanyu pigs. Entire mitochondrial genomes of both types of Lanyu pig comprised 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes. Only 2 haplotypes of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and cytochrome b were identified in the conserved Lanyu pig herds. When maximum likelihood trees were constructed, the Type I Lanyu mitochondrial genes formed a unique clade with a large pairwise distance of both cytochrome b and the control region from Asian and European type breeds, Formosan wild pigs, and exotic breeds. Significant loss of genetic diversity of mtDNA within the conserved Lanyu pigs was demonstrated by low haplotype and nucleotide diversities, supported by Fu and Li's D* neutrality test (1.44055; P < 0.05). The mtDNA control region sequences of extant pigs in the Lanyu Islet, however, showed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and clustered with exotic pigs. These results indicate no maternal lineage mtD-NA gene introgression from Formosan wild pigs and introduced exotic pigs to conserved Type I Lanyu pigs, and a severe loss of heterozygosity of mtDNA in conserved Lanyu pigs. The remaining extant pigs on the Lanyu Islet have been introgressed with exotic breeds. Strategies for future conservation of native Lanyu pigs are now even more urgent and important.     

重新认识农区山羊放牧饲养

文章从山羊养殖历史、生物学特性、自然社会、经济效益、生态环保、市场消费及国外养殖进展等方面进行研究,认为我国南方农区山羊饲养应回归放牧养羊,可以实现社会生态经济的可持续发展。同时提出放牧养殖的标准化建设思路。     

黄芪注射液对犬心脏双向变时作用的初步观察

为了观察黄芪注射液对正常犬和二尖瓣关闭不全病理模型 (MR)犬的变时作用 ,并探讨其机制 ,在异氟烷吸入麻醉下 ,对正常及外科方法制作的犬亚急性二尖瓣关闭不全模型 (术后 5 0天后 )一次性静脉推注含生药 2 g/ m L的黄芪注射液 1 .2 5 m L/ kg,通过体表心电图测定心率和 PQ、QRS、RR、QT,并计算 QTC(QT/ RR)间期。在正常犬 ,开始注射黄芪注射液后 ,心率出现先减少后恢复再持续减少和显著变化。 MR模型犬开始注射液后 ,心率出现先升高后恢复再持续升高的显著变化。 MR模型犬的心率减慢变化与 RR、PQ、QT、QTc呈高度显著负相关 (P<0 .0 1 )。表明黄芪注射液对正常比格犬 ,具有加快心率的正性变时作用。对二尖瓣闭锁不全 (MR)模型犬具有减缓心率的负性变时作用。黄芪注射液的变时作用似与机体的机能状态有关 ,呈现双向调节作用。     

Immune and bone properties of chicks consuming corn contaminated with a Fusarium that induces dyschondroplasia

A study was conducted to contrast the dyschondroplasia-inducing capability of several species of Fusarium with that of the natural fungi found in poultry diets and litter. Day-old broiler chicks were fed pure corn cultures of specific fungal isolates for 3 weeks. Humoral immunity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), body weight, valgus and varus leg deformities, incidence of dyschondroplasia, and mechanical properties of the tibiotarsi were examined. F. equiseti #15 was the only fungal isolate to induce dyschondroplasia to any significant degree, which confirmed previous work in Minnesota. This isolate also suppressed growth rate and humoral immunity, although dyschondroplasia sometimes did occur without associated immunosuppression and growth depression. Bone strength of the tibiotarsal diaphysis was normal, and gross lesions of valgus and varus leg deformities did not appear to be related to the incidence of dyschondroplasia in the 3-week-old chicks.     

活禽交易对十堰市公共卫生安全的影响及对策

本文针对十堰市活禽养殖和交易的现状,结合工作实际,分析了活禽交易方式对公共卫生安全、禽流感防控、环境污染等方面的影响,以及活禽交易存在的问题及产生的原因,从政策建议、防疫条件、检疫监管、疫情监测预警、市场准入、可追溯体系建设、动物经纪人管理等方面提出了措施和建议,为进一步加强禽流感防控工作和动物产品质量安全管理提出了有益的探讨。     

Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.     

城区宠物防疫管理

合肥是安徽的省会城市,随着人民生活水平的提高,城区养犬数量急剧增加,现仅合肥二环以内就有犬5万只左右。部分市民不文明养犬,随意遗弃犬,使得流浪犬数量增加,造成犬病的传播。一些动物诊所和宠物     

鸡沙门氏菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)从分子水平上对禽源沙门氏菌之间的差别进行分析和研究,本研究采用自动微生物鉴定仪对12株疑似鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和15株疑似鸡白痢沙门氏菌进行了鉴定.以限制性核酸内切酶Xba I对其全基因组DNA进行酶切、PFGE分型,Info Quest FP聚类分析软件对电泳结果进行分析.结果显示,共鉴定出11株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、1株圣保罗沙门氏菌、6株阿姆斯特丹沙门氏菌、5株亚拉巴马沙门氏菌、1株鸡白痢沙门氏菌、2株纽波特沙门氏菌和2株肠炎沙门氏菌,一共分为12个PFGE型.实验结果表明,江苏地区存在有不常见的沙门氏菌血清型,同种血清型之间的基因型差别较小(相似值为0.85～1),不同血清型之间差别较大(相似值为0.45～0.70).PFGE能从分子水平上对禽源沙门氏菌的基因组DNA进行分型.     

乳牛舍内环境空气中细菌数量与乳房炎的关系研究

采用自然沉降法对规模化泌乳奶牛舍内消毒前后空气细菌含量进行检测,同时对泌乳牛群进行乳房炎调查,对乳房炎奶牛乳汁中病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,不同的牛舍不同的培养基其结果均不相同,NA培养基菌落数最高达77.8×103cfu/m3,S.S培养基在多个分布点无细菌生长。牛舍经过消毒后环境空气中的细菌总数大幅度减少,运动场空气细菌总数明显低于舍内。奶牛乳房炎的发生率与牛舍环境空气中的细菌总数呈正相关,细菌总数多的牛舍奶牛乳房炎的发病率也高。环境空气中和乳房炎奶牛乳汁中同时分离到金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒沙门氏菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌等。